Caring For Children

Caring For Children Firstly, the part of the practitioner in caring for children contains the practitioner meeting the single necessities of children. Examples are, that providing food and drinks to the children which meets their dietary necessities. Furthermore, care plans are formed by the early years practitioner to help to see the childs necessities which are unsimilar from all other toddlers. Refer to appendix one which is a care plan of a child, within a child care setting formed by an early years practitioner. As when referring to the Early Years Foundation Stage, under Food and drink Before a child is admitted to the setting the provider must also obtain information about any special dietary requirements, preferences and food allergies that the child has, and any special health requirements. (Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage) (pg.22). In addition, these care plans will help the practitioner to confirm that the childs individual necessities are seen through this care plan. Refer to Appendix 1 which is an example of a care plan which a setting in Wales uses which is produced for the ages of 0-2. These care plans aids the practitioners to give out a day-to-day arrangement for childrens and their respective families. Examples from my placement are that, child I is not allowed normal milk as they have an allergy to it. In turn, for the childs dietary and nutriential necessities, soya milk is replaced and used within the setting, when the rest of the children have normal milk according to their individual necessities or parents necessities which have been set out. Furthermore, the practitioners within my placement e.g. childcare practitioners have met the childs individual necessities of not being given the normal milk to child I, and giving the child soya milk which is permitted. Lastly, the Childrens Act 2004 legislation aids promote the necessities of children to be established at all times to help a childs well being. This is as, under the Childrens Act 2004, a childs well-being has to be seen and the food necessities which is a part of their care necessities has to be obeyed too. In turn, this includes a childs food necessities such as dietary necessities being seen within any child care setting. In conclusion, this legislation aids to develop childrens necessities and any special necessities, as childrens individual dietary necessities to be accurately met. Secondly, ensuring the rights of the children are being established which its a statutory responsibility for the practitioner to follow whilst working with early aged children. This right is the Childrens Act 2004 which is the highly regarded legislation which has been set out within the UK that supports the single rights of early aged children. This act provides the national Framework for all childrens services and is identified in the Every Child Matters five outcomes for early aged people and children which all Professionals regarding to any child care job would need to follow. Refer to Appendix 2, which is the copy of information about the Childrens Act 2004. Examples are, such as the childcare practitioners at my placement, school teacher, after school club teachers, early years practitioner. The Government aim for every child regardless of their upbringing or situation, in which they have been brought up to, is to have the support they require. Also, a significant policy change in relation to the Green paper is the introduction of the five outcomes that are considered key to childrens on-going progression and well-being. Furthermore, Refer to Appendix two which is a document of the Every Child Matters act which the practitioner practices during their development practice. Inturn, from the every Child Matters act under Being healthy Evidence will include ways in which providers promote the following: physical, mental, emotional and sexual health; participation in sport and exercise; healthy eating and the drinking of water;. (Every Child Matters (2012) In conclusion, practitioners would be compulsory to offer food which is strong for the children and at the same time meets their single special dietary necessities. Examples from my placement is that, children are provided with healthy meals daily which are different from each day. As one day the cook would prepare tuna pasta, and at another day the cook would prepare rice with curry. In conclusion, the staff e.g. childcare practitioners at my placement are ensuring that children are getting all the fuels from the nutrients from the healthy balanced diet sheet chart to benefit majorly with their improvement of development. Thirdly, working with their families and obeying their wishes. Examples are that a parent for any reason would not want their child to eat biscuits within the setting. Furthermore, the early years practitioner would be essential to ensure that parents necessities which have been set out to the child care provision type of setting are obeyed too and the child does not be given any biscuits. As when referring to the Early Years Foundation stage, under Food and drink Providers must record and act on information from parents and carers about a childs dietary needs. (Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage) (pg.22). In conclusion, listening to parents requirements and responding on them is vital as the statutory piece of framework states that. Refer to appendix 3 which has nutrition information for early years practitioners to obey and know. Examples from my placement is that, child S is not allowed chocolates or biscuits according to their parents requirements for any of their snack or as a part of their dinner meal. In addition, my placement listens to child S parents and ensured child S does not be provided with that food. In addition, when the rest of the children have a chocolate treat or a biscuit, child S is given another food to swap the chocolate treat, such as crackers. This ensures that the parents necessities are being obeyed, and the snack replacement is a healthy type of food which child S likes which is highly important and is according to child Ss parents necessities which has been set out, which allows child S to have. Fourthly, working in a team and with other professionals is vital for the early year practitioner to do when caring for children. This is as, each child has unsimilar individual necessities and own unique weaknesses and strengths. Furthermore, it is the duty of the early year practitioner to ensure that they work with other professionals to help overcome the difficulties which could alter their learning or improvement of development and boost it in whenever possible. As when referring to the Early Years Foundation Stage under Progress check at age two If there are significant emerging concerns, or an identified special educational need or disability, practitioners should develop a targeted plan to support the childs future learning and development involving other professionals (for example, the providers Special Educational Needs Co-ordination) as appropriate. (Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage, (pg.10). In addition, refer to Appendix 4 which is a copy of the D isability Act 2001 Acts Information which early years practitioners could be compulsory to follow and accurately use when it is vital, whilst working with children. Examples from my placement is that, child K has special needs in which they have difficulty speaking. Furthermore, my placement referred him to a speech therapist that visits them daily and my placement and helps to enhance child Js speaking skills. This involves the whole family and the setting, in which the setting has to build up on it from the tips being given by the speech therapist. In conclusion, by working with other professionals early years practitioners can get effective help to help stop any obstacles on the childs learning and improvement of development. Fifthly, compliance with legal requirements which a must for early years practitioners to follow whilst caring for children. The EYFS is a statutory framework meaning its a legislation that provides the standards for the care, learning and development of children from the small birth of a child to the growing age of toddlers of five years old. Furthermore, as its a statutory framework all providers/practitioners must use the EYFS to make sure that which ever type of setting a Parent decides to choose for their child, they can be assured that their child will receive a satisfactory experience that will help and support them in their learning, development and care. In conclusion, practitioners and registered providers in childcare in the UK who are caring for children under the age of five years old are required to use the EYFS, which are then dealt in two processes. In turn, they are registered and then are inspected to see if they match the standards of requirements of the EYFS by th e Ofsted. EYFS framework provides the standards for the care, development and learning of children which are from small birth of a child to the last stage of foundation stage of a childs learning. The purpose of the EYFS is to help each child to achieve the five Every Child Matters outcomes which are the follows; Early Years Foundation Stage ( birth to five years old ) Early Years Foundation Stage ( birth to five years old ) Early Years Foundation Stage ( birth to five years old ) Early Years Foundation Stage ( birth to five years old ) Early Years Foundation Stage ( birth to five years old ) EYFS has 4 themes which are the follows; A unique child = Early Years Foundation Stage ( birth to five years old) Positive relationships = Early Years Foundation Stage ( birth to five years old) Enabling environments = Early Years Foundation Stage ( birth to five years old) Learning and development = Early Years Foundation Stage ( birth to five years old) The EYFS applies to: Every Child Matters is also another legislation which supports the rights of children to a healthy way of life. Its a programme which is a statutory framework which is essential to be obeyed. EYFS applies to Early Years Foundation Stage (birth to five years old) Early Years Foundation Stage ( birth to five years old) Refer to Appendix five, which is a job description of an Early Years practitioner which has all the abilities and approvals stated an early years practitioner would need within themselves such as their abilities, and approvals which they have took before to work with early aged children. Examples from my placement is that, the setting at the staff room has a poster of the Early Years foundation stage with each of the five outcomes on it. This shows how important this document is for any child care setting and my placement. Also every nursery nurse, whilst doing observations or planning any education progress activity for the children practices it. Examples are, child care practitioner H did an observation on child L, which they then sat down and looked through the EYFS. By looking through the EYFS, it helps them see what period a child is at. Examples are, a child care practitioner would look and establish their observation around it, such as a toddler and do an observation on their fine motor skills which is a development of their major stage of physical development, which could not be very good. In turn, it shows the nursery nurse how the period of a child is improving on development as they are growing up. Furthermore then produce more activities around it, which involves practising different strategies and doing one to one support with the childs respective families, for them to encourage their knowledge of how to help support their childs progress of development and the different ways they can aid it, this why working with families is vital. E2: There are many different ways in which how care for children may be provided within families and society. Firstly, a child could be cared for within families and society by a Day nursery type of setting. This is as a, child is cared throughout the day within a day nursery. Inturn, a child is cared in a day nursery as all of their care necessities are met. This includes the main basic care needs of children which are Play, Food, Care and access to pure water which is a childs right. Furthermore, examples of care necessities of children being met, such as play would be met by having set routines such as free play for babies such as mornings and set times for outdoor play and indoor play for pre-schoolers. This is important as, by ensuring that children have set times of play will allow to promote childrens social development and independence skills which is an obligation for an early years practitioner to do. In turn, when children play together, theyre communicating with each other which helps with their social development as theyre communicating with other children and other different ch ildren, by doing different types of activities such as playing cars with each other, or another example could be an activity which could help develop childrens physical development of an running game, such as tag rugby with pre-schoolers. Inturn, it would encourage their gross motor skills, which is the childs body increasing correctly as when children run, their body metabolism is working and putting their body into the correct type of practise which helps a child with their overall bodys development growing. In conclusion, a day nursery cares and helps promote childrens development such as social and physical development of children, as using the milestones of development for children as a guide and basing correct types of different activities around it. As when referring to the Early Years Foundation Stage Providers must provide access to an outdoor play area or, if that is not possible, ensure that outdoor activities are planned and taken on a daily basis (unless circumstances make this inappropriate, for example unsafe weather conditions). (Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage, pg.24). In conclusion, by children participating in activities which helps promote their physical and social development, its a Head Managers and a duty of a statutory setting, such as a Day Nursery. Examples from my placement, is that my placement ensures that every childs care necessities are seen. As, my placement has a set routine of how to meet childrens care necessities such as foods. This is shown and understood by parents, as its placed within the main room. In turn, my placement provides snacktime in the morning, which is a selection of milk and biscuits. Secondly, my placement provides lunch to food which meets each childs dietary necessities and a tea time. Also, outdoor play for children, which aids childrens physical progress of motor and gross skills. In conclusion, my placement ensures that childrens care necessities are being seen through a certain structure of a days timetable of small snacks, big meals such as lunch, and play provided to children at all times or when it is required. Secondly, a child could be cared for within families and society by an After-School clubs. This is as After school clubs; offer care to early children. Examples are, when a child finishes any child care setting, e.g. Private day nurseries, schools periods, they could join straight to an after school club location. In turn, by having after school clubs ensures that children are being cared for the rest of the remaining day, by proper staff members of child care practitioners. This rest assures parents, who jobs are all day long, that their child are in safe hands and are being observed and meeting their necessitys properly after such as always being kept a watch that theyre safe and carefree. In conclusion, after school clubs offers good care to children throughout the extent of time period a child is at. Also, after school clubs help build childrens social and emotional development. This is as, a child would be taking parts in a wide range of varied events which is placed infront of them and which interests them. Furthermore, this would promote a childs self-esteem, as they are being given an selection of different choices as to what they like and would like to do, which they can choose from, without any one else telling them what activity they think should the child participate and give a try according to them, such as staff members which could be teachers. In turn, this is self-reliance abilities and qualities being established within early childrens. Also, a childs social and emotional development is occurring as when a child is contributing in activities they like, they would meet and began to communicate with other children which could be new to them. Furthermore, by doing an activity of their choice would help build their friends circle to get huge, as they would meet new different children with the same taste alike to them. In turn, friendships could occur, which would help promote a childs self-confidence and ability to begin communicating with different children, with different personalities. As when referring to childrens Development Milestones, Encourage children to choose to play with a variety of friends from all backgrounds, so that everybody in the group experiences being included. (Development Matters in the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) Positive Relationships: what adults could do, (pg.9). In conclusion, childrens social development and confidence should be encouraged all times, within any types of child care settings meeting single childrens rights, of meeting single childrens care necessities. Examples from my placement, is that the setting has an Afterschool club which is delivered for children to join and share, which could be a child attending an statutory school type of setting and Tea time lunch is already provided for them with an range of activities to do such as free times, this includes drawing, paintings, writing, computer time. In conclusion, after school clubs are delivered within my placement, and appeals to majority of all age ranges. Thirdly, a child could be cared for within families and society by Preschools. Firstly, as child care practitioners provide intense care throughout the day meaning a Parent can leave their Child there and be assured their Child is going to be in safe hands as theyre in the hands of a qualified child care practitioners who know what and how to do their job rightly and properly. Secondly, same as a statutory school setting which offers care for children; it provides meals to children which are adjusted to a childs single dietary necessities or parents necessities being given out to the setting. Examples are, a parent might not like their child to eat certain foods, which could be provided within a Preschool, e.g. Chocolate/Cheese. Therefore, the Preschools makes sure that that certain child does not eat that type of food and swaps it with another piece of which is not a related food, an example would be mini cheddars instead of Chocolate in which the child does not feel left out and the Parents voice is listened too. It develops to care childrens improvement as some Pre-schoolers have a daily learning plan, however on the other hand the early years practitioners use learning plan and plan activities such as hand painting which means the child can go and try-out and progress their skills such as some Pre-schoolers have play normally throughout the day or at a specific time meaning that play would help the childs cognitive development to increase. Also, it keeps the parents updated with their childs progress throughout the day as some Pre-schoolers have a board in which they could write each childs name and tick against if they ate some, or full or none of their dinners and writing what they had against the dinner which lets the parents know what exactly their child ate throughout the day. Therefore if the parents not happy with it, they can talk about it to the child care practitioners. Each Child has a designed Key Worker in which has a job of keeping an eye and developing a certain child Development therefore each child needs are being met and are tried through observations meaning the childs progress is being monitored and discusses with parents through one to one tutorial sort of meeting. Lastly, it helps the childs physical development as for children/babies use play to work all their vital body parts such as hard inside muscles therefore when they play it helps develop their gross motor skills. As controlling their larg e muscles. (Tassoni, P, (2007), pg. ) and their fine motor skills, controlling their smaller muscles of their hands and feet. (Tassoni, P, (2007), pg ). In conclusion, it helps practice a childs physical development which includes their hands in fine motor skills, and their body, gross motor skills. Examples from my placement is that, they keep parents updated about their childs health and well-being throughout the day, through post it notes which includes their Lunch/Snacks/Nappies information on it. This includes how much or how little their child has eaten and what exactly they ate. As child T, was not feeling well and ate very little for their lunch which was Tuna pasta. In conclusion, the post it notes was given to Parents and explained to the parents when coming to collect, child T that their child has had not ate enough and theyre ill. In conclusion, by settings having an policy of post it notes will ensure and prove, how the child got cared throughout that one day and if there was any accidents, parents can fill an accident form, and be aware of how and where exactly their child has an accident within the setting. Lastly, such as a signing in policy meaning all Visitors will sign in and sign out. My placement also has a signing in policy in which I always have to make sure I do also. The signing in policy is a sheet of register paper with all the staffs name and the date written. It also has a space for students and volunteers in which I sign in. As Im not a member of staff I have to write my names unlike the permanent member of staff who already have their names printed. This helps a lot as if an serious emergency happens then the building has to be evacuated immediately therefore the visitor safety will be ensured, as a whole the students, volunteers, staffs and for example an electrician came to my placement the other day, he also had to sign in. This ensures if a crisis happens or fire, their safety will also be ensured in this way, no one will be missed in numbers and so will be mine as I am working as a student there. The attendance of any visitor, student, staff, of which time they came in and out of the building will be recorded therefore my setting will have the correct date and time for their own assurance. Therefore for example, if a crime crops up or if the college requires seeing if the student really went to their placement for example me. I could say that day I was at placement, when I might not truly have been therefore, the placement could show their record as a proof. E3: Statutory, private, voluntary and independent settings, all have different roles when caring for children. Firstly, statutory types of settings are those types of settings in which the Legal Law is involved with and confirming its provided to all early children and early aged people. A popular example of an statutory service would be a School. Schools is necessity for all parents to join and make sure, that a parent ensures that their child goes to school as its a statutory type of legislation which has to be listened too. In turn, all children are obliged to attend school. Refer to Appendix six, an plan of promoting the well-being of children within a within a statutory place of a school which delivers education to different abilities and aged groups of children, such as a plan which meets the individual necessities as when giving out or meeting parents wishes of providing medicines to their child. These guide plans are for settings to use properly and consider if a child requires any type of medical help which could be in a form of medicines, pumps, tablets according to a childs group o f age. In turn, these care plans are based on what a child requires according to their necessities and how they could aid them. Furthermore, these guide plans of health would be within the statutory type of setting with the Head Manager within the office, as its necessary for them to know any kind of medical problems which have occurred or are being occurred recently and, if there was an issue to arise, the office would know immediately know what action to take or who should be the first and utmost priority to contact when an emergency arises. In conclusion, these guide care action plans are vital for a setting to have, and know beforehand about a child, this could also include staff members being aware of also beforehand, as this helps them as an Head manager within an office, as to what action or what allergys a child has and the immediate action plan for that. As when referring to the Early Years Foundation Stage, under Health-Medicines, They must have a procedure, discussed with parents and or/carers, for responding to children who are ill or infectious, take necessary steps to prevent the spread of infection, and take appropriate action if children are ill. (Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage), (pg.21/22). In conclusion, as its legal for schools and vital staff members, such as Teachers,Head Manager, Head Teacher to be aware of, and organised a way of dealing with giving medicines to children who are poorly. Examples from my placement, is that Child O has an allergy to many different types of foods. Furthermore, a guided plan of his medicines and care within a setting, e.g. class is placed on the board which is completed. This ensures, that Teacher W knows when how to prevent any issues from occurring. As once, a child was giving chocolate with nuts on, which Child O is not allowed. Immediately, Teacher W did not allow Child O to have it. In conclusion, its vital for the setting, and staff members to have a guided plan of health for the child as it benefits, the staff members and Head manager majorly. Secondly, private types of settings are those types of settings which earn money at all times. An example, of a private service would be Private Day Nurseries. Private Day Nurseries are places for Parents who normally work full time to leave their child in a safe environment in the hands of a skilled Nursery Nurses who help the development of the Children and provide them with regular requirements with the Parents agreements on food/sleep time or other kind of similar activitys. Refer to Appendix seven, which is a Policy of Behaviour within a Private Day Nurseries. A policy of behaviour is very important within all categories of child care settings who look after small age types of children. A policy of behaviour is different within each child care settings, however it is essential as it inboards instructions and guidelines within the child care settings of what is accepted through behaviour and what is not accepted. As when referring to the Early Years Foundation Stage, Managing beh aviour, Providers must have and implement a behaviour management policy, and procedures. A named practitioner should be responsible for behaviour management in every setting. (Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage, pg.23). In conclusion, a policy which stresses the importance of accurate behaviour, and inappropriate behaviour amongst childrens is vital. Examples from my placement, is that my placement has a policy of what behaviour should be and how children should meet that criteria. Furthermore, this includes the classroom as well, as when a child is not behaving well or disturbing the class, Teacher R writes the child name on the board, amongst the sad face. This is a type of a warning for the child, for the child to calm down and relax, however if it continues another tick would go amongst the childs name. In turn, if its continues, it could go serious and the child misses their break and lunch time. In conclusion, a policy of a behaviour structure will enforce and promote good understanding amongst childrens of what a right, accurate behaviour is. Lastly, Human Rights Act 2000 is a development of the importance of meeting childrens care necessities, as it gave single obligatory rights to early children which includes that whenever any conclusions on early aged children and grown-ups are built around using the Human Rights Act 2000 guidelines. In turn, this Act provided children with having general basics rights, such as being treated alike with each and as single human being in a positive way which resulted that, children are required to be respected and being objectively treated when child care practitioners communicate with early children. Thirdly, voluntary types of settings are those types of settings which contain certain types of charities behind the voluntary types of settings, which include major kinds of organisations. Playgroups help childrens with their cognitive development as cognitive skills are based on learning and thinking and play is a form of way in children research the world, playing allows children to test and develop these skills. (Tassoni, P, 2007, pg.) as whilst they are learning as theyre discovering new things by playing with differ

Marketing Changes Your Brain

The reason why I chose the topic for my final paper â€Å"Marketing Changes Your Brain† is because we are constantly surrounded by advertisements on a daily basis to where the government is basically brain washing us from birth to be consumers in this capitalistic society. Also this topic reminds me of one of my favorite professors, Dry. Choc who teaches Sociology at San Diego State University. His lectures were always life changing, and I could tell in the conviction of his voice that he is strongly assassinate about his profession and loves teaching undergrads.One of the main topics of the semester was about consumerism and how it affects us every single day. Statistics show that the average American will come across 5000 different types of advertisements a day (Lecture, Choc). There are millions of ways we come in contact through ads these days including, commercials, posters, covers on food, and etc. What I basically learned in this class was that we should be more aware o f what it meaner to be consumers of Capitalism and to realize how much we have been exploited to be constant consumers.The reason many of us fall for advertisements we see is because many of these companies purposely make their commercials activate a part of the brain's reward/pleasure center. The pleasure center is made up of nucleus acumen's and ventral testament area which the brain receives dopamine (Plotting, Summoning). This reward/pleasure is closely associated when individuals do pleasurable things such eating favorite foods, watching movies, sex, and drugs (Plotting, Summoning).In the module 9 critical thinking, the article explains how the consumption Coca Cola will activate the reward/pleasure center which is another example of why many Americans are addicted to it. It is ironic that Americans in recently years have put so Running head Much money into preventing obesity and childhood obesity yet our government doesn't put any effort into reducing the number of ads we see from these soda companies. Another interesting point that the critical thinking article shows is how smell and auditory senses also have to do with marketing and how we consciously don't even realize it.I can relate myself as when I'm near In-n-Out burger and I can smell the burgers and suddenly want a craving for it. The textbook calls this Subliminal Message where it meaner that our perception is below an absolute threshold where there is less than 50% of it being realized (Plotting, Summoning). Another subliminal message can also be auditory as the text book gives an example of how playing French music will result in people purchasing more French Wine. Subliminal messages can be seen at every store at the mall, such as Hollister.Walk into a Hollister and you will notice how it Just smells like a concreted perfume pit and the ambient lights. However the greatest influences to our brains is culture, another point which Dry. Choc has always brought up in lectures. Advertisement have been a dominant influence in our culture and it is unfortunate that many Americans do not even realize how much our brain is being influenced. Not even Just as adults, advertisements can capture someone at any age. Despite these, I urge many people to make more wiser choices such eating balanced,

Loman family Essay

As stated before, Miller thought that the common man was the most eligible person with which he could create a tragic hero. With this in mind he set out to make his characters tragic heroes, giving them what he called â€Å"a tragic flaw†, a failing that is not peculiar to grand or elevated characters, nor is it necessarily a weakness. In Miller’s plays, these flaws are not major cracks in their characters, they are on the contrary are something as simple as having too much faith in a system that lets them down when they both need it. This philosophy of Miller, gives us a lot of insight into the characters, and also their actions. Joe Keller, the protagonist, is a man who loves his family above all else, and has sacrificed everything, including his honour, in his struggle to make the family prosperous. His fundamental flaw however, is that he is not a man who sees the bigger picture of life, that the whole of mankind is a †family† that deserves just as much consideration, if not more, than his own family. He also feels as though the †system† will protect him, seeing as he was able to trick it. It is this, that leads to the death of the 21 pilots, that were flying faulty planes made by his factory. The American way of life is clearly seen as his ultimate goal, as he is only looking out for himself and his family. His wife, Kate, is a woman that has a tremendous capacity for love, which I seen no only in her love for her lost son, but also in that it extends to her neighbors, notably to George. It is easy to assume that Kate’s persistence in declaring her son still living, is because she could not could with the idea of her son being dead. This is not so, it is in fact, that her sons death would be a punishment for Joes crime, which would be intolerable for her, so she continues to support Joe’s deceit. Kate seems to the reader to be a very unbalanced and somewhat stupid woman, however she, like Joe, is simply trying to hold the family together, even if it is somewhat desperate. Second Section: Death of a Salesman Death of a Salesman is widely regarded as the ultimate tragedy, and was extremely well received by American critics. It is a complete and utter criticism of the American dream, and the American people of the forties. More pertaining to the concept of tragic heroes however, the play deals with painful conflicts within the family, and how a man can fall, ungracefully from a position of respect within the family. The main character of the play, is the father of the Loman family, Willy. He works as a door-to-door salesman, and travels a lot for his job. His wife Linda, seems to be the strongest person in the family, and supports Willy, who is fed up of working, and is slightly disillusioned about life in general. Biff, the oldest of their two sons, is visiting the family, having been off ‘finding himself’, working on and off, but still not settled down to a decent job. His brother, Happy, is young, and as his name suggests, is the most cheerful person in the family. It is extremely hard to outline the plot of the play for two reasons: the first reason is that not a lot actually happens in the play, it is more about the relationship between characters, and with themselves. The second reason is that it is divided in two ‘sections’ that run parallel to each other in Willies mind: the present, and the past (Willy’s memories). Willy has numerous flashbacks during the play, mainly where he describes an event which had a strong impact on his life. One example of such a flashback would be when Linda is trying to comfort him, and suddenly he is a hotel room with his mistress. The play is mainly a record of the problems that a man suffers in a capitalistic and pushy society. It is set in a pleasant suburban area, in the late forties. The reader mainly follows Willy around, through past and present and by this method of narration, we learn a lot about Willy, through his flashbacks, such as his affair with ‘The Woman’, the fact that he was fired from his job. Fourth Section: Common Threads Style Theories Symbols – Motives Context Characters. With the idea of the common man in mind, Miller set out to construct his own tragic heroes, giving them what he called â€Å"a tragic flaw†, a failing that is not peculiar to grand or elevated characters, nor is it necessarily a weakness. In Miller’s plays, these flaws are not major cracks in their characters, they are on the contrary the reactions that the characters have to challenges to their dignity or status. These tragic heroes show two types of reactions: passive, and overly aggressive (ref). Bibliography Death of a Salesman – Arthur Miller All my sons – Arthur Miller.

history Essay example - 2187 Words

THE EFFECTS OF WORLD WAR I ON POLITICAL AND ETHNIC MINORITIES As you read in Chapter 21 â€Å"An Emerging World Power,† the government clamped down hard on those who dissented from the war and on those who held radical or unpopular opinions. In this assignment you will explore how political and ethnic minorities were treated during and after World War I. Definition: A â€Å"minority† is anyone who is not like or does not agree with the majority. It does not have to mean an ethnic or racial minority. The questions you will consider are â€Å"How were political and ethnic minorities treated during and after World War I? Why were they treated as they were?† Analyze each source in the file â€Å"Sources_World_War_I† using the chart below. The†¦show more content†¦It revealed that if you’re not loyal to this country than the majority feels that you don’t belong. A German-American man was the minority in this situation THE CRISIS MAGAZINE Was an article written by the NAACP stating how many of our black men were drafted and had to fight in war for our country but yet when the war ends we have to come back to only being the minority again having no say so or equality. Basically America was a war within itself. Democracy was saved in France so it can be saved in America as well. That you can go defend your country but still come back from war and have no say so, no rights. African-american THE RED SUMMER OF 1919 Occurred in the summer and fall of 1919. There were race riot and massacre happening in the north and south. One that started in Chicago left a black boy dead he drowned but instead of the white men getting arrested the police arrested a black man and that’s when the stone throwing began. Violence escalated for 13 days leaving 23 blacks and 15 whites dead with hundreds injured. And 1000 black families homeless. All the incidents were started by whites.in D.C four whites and two blacks were killed. In Arkansas a race riot lasted for 3 days after one night some blacks were having a tenant and sharecroppers meeting at a church when two white law enforcers arrived at the church. Shots were exchanged and one white officer was killed. ThisShow MoreRelatedHistory And History : History1540 Words   |  7 PagesAmrozia Shahram History 1301. P09 Essay History is integral part of our lives and historians play an important role to preserve history. Historians are present in every society. They have been around probably throughout the history of humanity. Their work however has become more methodical and systematic now. Modern day historians spend a lot of time searching for the truth from various sources of past information. These days so much information is available and this information is interpretedRead MoreHistory And Its Impact On History808 Words   |  4 PagesHistory is a course that contains a lot of fundamental information. It is a science that studies the past of the human race and the human civilizations, assists us to comprehend the present, so we have a better vision for the future. The History seeks to reconstitute the past event. For the reason, history has its objectives, methods. All the information of history is related to the time and space because the consideration of an historical event requires placing it i n time and in a given space. ByRead MoreHistory3115 Words   |  13 Pagesstudy history? There is no doubt that the primary purpose of schooling is to prepare students to function effectively in the world, and thereby to assist society to function effectively as well. 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Personality Disorders Essay example - 3944 Words

Personality Disorders Personality disorders indicate the presence of chronic rigid and maladjusted personality traits, through which the persons interpersonal or professional functioning is negatively affected, or which lead to personal unhappiness and problems (Louw, 1990). Discuss this statement from a biopsychosocial frame of reference and refer to one personality disorder in any cluster to illustrate your answer. The Biopsychosocial model: ========================== The biopsychosocial model (Engel, 1980, cited in Paris, 1993) suggests an integrated approach that understands psychopathology in terms of multiple causes, none of which is sufficient on†¦show more content†¦The five-factor model (FFM) is one of several personality theories that are used to explain the variance in normal and abnormal personality. The â€Å"Big Five† (cited in Klein, 1993; cited in Barlow Durand, 2002;) rates people on neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness and may be enough to characterise the personality disorder. These factors could explain degree of adjustment and stability or proneness to psychological distress and impulsive behaviour (neuroticism), interpersonal style in social situations and ability to express compassion and hostility (extraversion and agreeableness) and capacity for goal directed behaviour (conscientiousness). Millon (1983, cited in Vincent, 1990) views personality on a continuum with normal personality as more flexible and adaptive. He proposes three primary factors for a normal personality: solitary, adventurous and dutiful, which have sub-categories of the personality disorders under the broad categories of withdrawn (Cluster A personality disorders), immature (Cluster B personality disorders) and neurotic (Cluster C personality disorders). 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Mills Psychology of Personality Catinia Farrington INTRODUCTION â€Å"Personality disorders have been documented in approximately 9 percent of the general U.S. population† (Angstman, Rasmussen, 2011). Emotional dysregulation disorder or its common name borderline personality disorder is a very serious and chronic disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) describes borderline personality disorder as â€Å"aRead MorePersonality Disorders : Borderline Personality Disorder926 Words   |  4 PagesBorderline personality disorder is the most frequent and the most severe of all personality disorders in clinical practice, it s a serious mental disorder with a characteristic pervasive pattern of instability in affect regulation, impulse control, interpersonal relationships, and self-image. It s characterized by severe psychological impairment and high mortality rate due to suicide. 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Pick One By Yourself Example

Essays on Pick One By Yourself Book Report/Review number 24 March Article Review: As Pollution Worsens in China, Solutions Succumb to Infighting In this short article review I will dwell on the environmental problems in China covered by New York Times reporter, Edward Wong, in his article titled As Pollution Worsens in China, Solutions Succumb to Infighting. This New York Times article is focused on the air pollution issues in China and investigates obstacles that stand on the way of solving the problem of the unbearable level of sulfur and carbon dioxide emissions, which has become one of the most burning issues in contemporary China over the past decade. A couple of photos, which show thick smog that veils downtown Beijing, illustrate the article that offers a reader an utterly painstaking research of the problem. According to the article, the air pollution hit record levels in north China in February, 2013. The point is that the biggest coal-firing plants and state-owned oil refinery factories are located in this very region of t he country. The situation with air pollution in China has worsened drastically over the past years. In fact, the deterioration of the air quality in big cities and huge industrial regions has gone so bad that the highest government officials who used to overlook the problem in the past cannot help but acknowledge the alarming level of the environmental threat. For instance, the sulfur levels of diesel are more 20 times as high as that in the United States of America, which are way far from being the flagship of elaborated environmental policy themselves. According to the statistics published in the article by the Edward Wong, the author of this New York Times expose, vehicle emissions are responsible for 22 per cent of the deadly particulate matter in the air, while around 40 per cent come from the coal-fire factories in the capital of China and its nearby provinces (Wong). Unfortunately, while the Ministry of Environmental protection of China push through higher fuel standards, th e biggest state-owned companies, such as Sinopec and PetroChina, as well as the coal-firing factories do their best to lobby just the opposite measures or simply sabotage the implementation of the stricter emission standards. Unfortunately, in the future the situation with air pollution in China is going to worsen even more as the number of cars is increasing rapidly and the solutions succumb to infighting.Work CitedWong, Edward. "As Pollution Worsens in China, Solutions Succumb to Infighting." New York Times. Web. 21 Mar. 2013.

Reforming the House of Lords

Question: Describe the functions and composition of the House of Lords? Answer: Describe the functions and composition of the House of Lords As compared to the House of Commons, the powers granted to the House of Lords are somewhat restricted. The result is that the political clout of the House of Lords is more due to tradition and convention. It has been claimed that the House of Lords does not have any influence on the bills related with government finance. Similarly, this house does not have any authority to stall the legislation of the Parliament for more than a year as the House of Commons can use the Parliament Act, 1949, legislation that was brought in by the Labour party for effectively removing the delaying privileges enjoyed by the House of Lords, to promptly defeat any motion. On the other hand, the House of Lords has the jurisdiction to veto any bill due to which the tenure in office of the government may be prolonged. Without a general election, a government can only continue for five years in office. As a result the House of Lords can block a move initiated by the House of Commons to extend the tenure of a government beyond their legal term. However it is worth mentioning that practically this power has not been used by the House of Lords. The House of Lords also makes valuable contribution for the purpose of improving the quality of legislation and the Parliament. More than half the time of the chambers is devoted for the revision of the bills introduced in the House of Commons. For instance, during the last parliamentary session, 7,259 amendments were tabled by the House of Lords to the draft bills out of which 2,625 amendments have been acknowledged by the House of Commons. Another instance of these amendments is the Counter Terrorism Bill. In this legislation, the plans to revise the period of time have been introduced for which the terrorism suspects can be detained by the law enforcement agencies in custody without a charge. However this proposal faced rejection by a majority of 192. The House of Lords also enjoys the capability to devote its time for involving in in-depth examination of the proposed bills. Such a situation permits the House of Commons to dedicate its efforts on activities like MP constituency responsibilities and other related issues. As a result, several of the most thorough and significant amendments have been introduced by the House of Lords. Some experts have even gone to the extent of claiming that the House of Commons abuses the time and expertise of the House of Lords as it has to rework the incompetently contrived bills. When it comes to the Private Members Bills, the House of Lords has equal powers. In simple words, as is the case with the House of Commons, House of Lords also has the authority to out rightly decline these bills. For example Lord Joffe proposed the Bill in 2005 in which assisted suicide has been proposed to be legalized for the terminally ill persons. It was proposed in this bill that discretion should be provided to the doctors to prescribe a fatal blow of medication to the patients. But this bill has to face severe opposition on moral grounds and subsequently it was defeated. As is the case with the House of Commons, the Lords also enjoys the protection provided by parliamentary privilege. The meaning of this situation is that the chamber has been exempted from libel allegations and as a result it allows liberty of speech to the peers in the Parliament. Apart from the legislative procedures, a significant role is played by the House of Lords for analyzing the actions of the Parliament. This scrutiny takes place in the form of the questions that are asked to the ministers as well as the debates taking place in the Parliament and the committee work. However, the House of Lords does not have an equivalent of the Questions Time available in the House of Commons. In place of it, the House of Lords allocates time at the start of the session for each day when the Lords can ask questions to the ministers. The debates that take place in the chambers also reveal a diverse membership present in the House of Lords. Generally it is said that these debates are more civil than the debates taking place in the House of Commons. Moreover, although it is still present but party allegiance does not have the same weight in the House of Lords. The content of the issues that are debated in the House of Lords are much more denigrated and comprehensive as compared to those in the House of Commons. The reason behind it can be the caliber of the representatives that are present in the House of Lords. Therefore the House of Lords regularly sees debates on issues like the present economic condition in the UK to the state of armed forces. The House of Lords can also boast of several committees that have gained international acclaim for their knowledge. The well-known European Communities Committee enjoys high esteem and it also complements the less detailed studies that are conducted by its counterpart in the House of Commons. In the same way, the Science and Technology Committee that was founded in 1979 came up with a detailed report on e-crime in 2007. This review evaluated the role played by the Internet in the rising crime and it also highlighted the perils of online depravity. This committee gives advice to the government regarding the preventive measures that have to be taken to deal with this problem. Similarly, the Lords Constitution Committee came up with the reporting 2005 in which the potential introduction of ID cards was discussed and the findings of this committee was that may threaten the harmony that existed between state and citizen. The judicial powers enjoyed by the House of Lords have been removed with the introduction of Constitutional Reforms Act, 2005. Before this decision came into practice, it was considered the House of Lords was the uppermost court in the UK. Traditionally it was considered as the court of appeal for all civil and criminal cases. The Law Lords had the responsibility to administer justice as they were the highest ranking judges of the country. But after the establishment of the new Supreme Court in the United Kingdom, effectively the judicial role played by the Lords had been rendered void. The Liberal government of Tony Blair came to power in 1997. Immediately it declared that the House of Lords will be made more representative and democratic. In that time, the House of Lords comprise life peers who were honored with a seat in the House as a result of their exceptional attainment in their respective fields and the traditional hereditary peers who achieved the position through birth. As a result of the huge prevalence of Conservative supporters in the hereditary peers before 1999, there was an ingrown conservative majority in the House of Lords. The manifesto commitment made by the Labour Party in 1997 was thought to be fulfilled with the introduction of House of Lords Act, 1999. This legislation sought to remove the right of the hereditary peers to sit in the House and vote. The result of this legislation was to remove the membership of more than 600 hereditary peers. The result was that a greater equality was created between the Conservatives and the Labour, due to wh ich the balance was held by the cross benches and the Liberal Democrats. It also ended the situation where a single party dominated the House. The changes that took place in the composition of House of Lords can be seen when the membership of the House of Lords in January 1999 is compared with that of November 2009. The situation in January 1999, before the ratification of the Act was that because the conservatives had 473 peers present in the House of Lords. But this changed dramatically and in November 2009, only 190 active Conservative peers were present in the second chamber. In comparison, in 1999, there were 168 Labour peers in the House. But this figure witnessed an increase to 2012 by November 2009. This remains the close parity that is now present between the Labour and the Conservative peers. On the other hand, the number of Liberal Democrat peers had remained the same. There were 67 peers of the party in 1999 and this figure saw a marginal increase to 71 in 2009. By removing the hereditary peers, there was also a considerable drop in cross bench peers. While in 1999, 310 were working in the House but this number abridged to 183 by 2009. There has been an alteration in the composition of the House of Lords due to the rising number of light peers that are derived from common social standing. As compared to the hereditary peers, who traditionally came from the upper class backgrounds, the light peers offered much more socially representative alternative. But at this point it needs to be noted that despite this discrepancy, still there are certain class issues. For the purpose of offering a life peerage, generally the recipient should have achieved something of a particular repute in its field. As a result by the time life peerage is granted, the chances are that the individual will be having an upper-class social standing. This in turn, rigorously restricts the probability of the House of Lords to become more socially representative in the UK. Due to the conditions of House of Lords Act, 1999, there has been an increase in the role played by the women in the House. While during 1990s, there were 80 women who held peerage in the House of Lords, the situation changed significantly and by 2009, in view of the changing composition, 148 women were present in the House of Lords as sitting peers. This remains an increase from 7% of the membership to 20% of the membership in less than two decades. It is evident that at present the House of Lords is diverse from the one that was present before the Labour Party acquired power in 1997. The composition of the House has been altered significantly. From being a conservative stronghold during the pre-reform era, now the House promotes much more equal representation of gender, social status and political allegiance. At the same time, there are a large number of members who are life peers and not hereditary peers. In order to make the Lords more representative of the society, it has been suggested that the hereditary peers should be removed completely. This had been designed with a view to strengthen the mood for a second chamber that is purely based on appointment. The main idea behind these proposals is to create a more representative chamber that is based on the votes that are required by a particular political party during the previous general elections. For this purpose, wide-ranging reforms have been proposed for the House of Lords. In theory, it has been anticipated by the government that by successfully implementing and are appointed second chamber, there will be space for introducing more basic changes to be made so that the position of the Lords can be stabilized in the Parliament. At the same time, it was also planned by the government that a wider program of constitutional changes should be introduced in the House. This completely relied on the triumph of the reforms mentioned abov e in making sure that the House of Lords upheld its legitimacy. In this regard, many experts have claimed that the reforms introduced in the House of Lords in 1999 have significantly changed the House of Lords for better. On the other hand there are many persons who argue against this. Ultimately the Labour Government failed in its promise to deliver a fully elected second chamber of the Parliament. The House of Commons voted in favor of the reforms in 2007, resulting in 100 percent or 80 percent elected second chamber of the Parliament. However the House of Lords out rightly rejected this proposal. Although the various governments have insisted that the reforms will be pushed through by using the will of the House of Commons, since then many years have passed and the squabbling between the two houses has been going on. An unelected second chamber of the Parliament that has no direct link with the people raises questions regarding its legitimacy. There is overwhelming public favor regarding the reform of Lords and a large number of people are in favor of a entirely elected chamber. It can be argued that as compared to the last century, much change has been seen by the House of Lords regarding its composition and the use of its powers. While the House of Lords Act, 1999 took away the hereditary title of succession to peerage, the significance of the House of Lords has also been reduced significantly by the Constitutional Reform Act, 2005 as a legislative and judicial body. Among the recommendations that can be made in this regard, despite the unrepresentative and undemocratic nature of the House of Lords, it is okay to recommend that the House had played an important role in the British Constitution, in the scrutiny of the Bills passed by the House of Commons and also in the secluded me of EU legislation. It is widely recognized that this includes the procedures that are adopted in the House of Lords are among the most effective procedures in the Community. In the 1968 by favor, it has been proposed that a two-tier House comprising of voting as well as non-voting members should be present. But at the same time, there has been a proposal in favor of a fully elected second chamber of Parliament. But in this regard it also needs to be noted that such a House may become biased because electing the members may result in political turmoil. An Upper House has also been proposed by the Wakeham Commission which will be mainly nominated but partly elected also. In such a case, issues may arise regarding the procedure of election and in the response of the government to the Report, this issue has been highlighted. It can also be stated in this regard that by introducing some elected members to the house, there may be the creation of two classes of members in the House. It can be considered in such a case that the elected members have greater democratic authority and legitimacy as compared to the appointed members. In case the second Chamber was going to be elected, it may become another political battleground or a carbon copy chamber which will appear to be unnecessary and in such a case, the House of Lords will ultimately become redundant in its form as a constitutional body. It is due to this conflict of interest representing party political deficit of two elected Chambers. On the other hand, there had been suggestions that the elections for the House of Lords can take place at a dissimilar time from the general elections so that the composition of the House may be altered. Similarly the issue of political patronage has also been raised, maintaining the idea of minority elected second chamber of the Parliament. In this case, out of the 600 members, 120 could be elected. But these proposals were not considered to be effective by the House of Commons and also by the House of Lords. According to a recent proposal mentioned in the white paper of 2007, a suggestion has been made in favor of a hybrid House in which case the House of Commons will not be replicated or challenged. The issue of reforms in Lords is a matter that has remained on the political outline for the last several years. In this regard, a number of proposals have been made. A large number of people are in favor of having a hybrid House. On the other hand, some persons argued that a new body should be created, which should not have the legislative functions of the House of Lords. It should perform an advisory role and in this way, the issue of democracy will be alleviated. Even if this type of proposal appears to be too radical but it can be stated that the important functions' being performed by the House of Lords will remain. Similarly, in some other proposals related with the reforms to be introduced in the House of Lords, it has been suggested that a select committee should be given the power to nominate candidates for membership. Hence, it can be said that there is a need for maintaining balance amid the democratic nature of the House of Lords and the legislative authority enjoyed by it. In this regard the proposals made by 2007 White Paper and the Wakeham Report can be enhanced. It can also be said in this context that the reform of the House of Lords has been somewhat exhausted as the only other proposition is that of a fully elected chamber although it is not very favorable and unlikely to take place. Still it appears that the proposals of creating a new body that is organized on the basis of popular bases instead of heredity appear to be more desirable, still if such a proposal will see fulfillment is an issue in its own entirety. References W Bradley and K D Ewing, Constitutional and Administrative Law, 15th Edition, Pearson Longman 2010 Direct Gov Website: https://www.direct.gov.uk/en/index.htm Hilaire Barnett, Constitutional and Administrative Law. 9th Edition, Routledge 2011 Jones, B. Kavanagh, D. Moran, M. and Norton, P. (2007), Politics UK, 6th Edition Meg Russell. House of Lords Reform Since 1911: Must THe Lords Go? (2012) 35 West European Politics 701 Norton, P. (2005), Parliament in British Politics P Wintour and N Watt 'David Cameron to appoint more Tory peers to the House of Lords' The Guardian London, 28 July, 2015 Russell, M. (2000), Reforming the House of Lords: Lessons from Overseas The Works of the House of Lords: https://www.parliament.uk/documents/upload/HoLwork.pdf UK Parliament Website: https://www.parliament.uk/index.cfm