Personality Disorders Essay example - 3944 Words

Personality Disorders Personality disorders indicate the presence of chronic rigid and maladjusted personality traits, through which the persons interpersonal or professional functioning is negatively affected, or which lead to personal unhappiness and problems (Louw, 1990). Discuss this statement from a biopsychosocial frame of reference and refer to one personality disorder in any cluster to illustrate your answer. The Biopsychosocial model: ========================== The biopsychosocial model (Engel, 1980, cited in Paris, 1993) suggests an integrated approach that understands psychopathology in terms of multiple causes, none of which is sufficient on†¦show more content†¦The five-factor model (FFM) is one of several personality theories that are used to explain the variance in normal and abnormal personality. The â€Å"Big Five† (cited in Klein, 1993; cited in Barlow Durand, 2002;) rates people on neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness and may be enough to characterise the personality disorder. These factors could explain degree of adjustment and stability or proneness to psychological distress and impulsive behaviour (neuroticism), interpersonal style in social situations and ability to express compassion and hostility (extraversion and agreeableness) and capacity for goal directed behaviour (conscientiousness). Millon (1983, cited in Vincent, 1990) views personality on a continuum with normal personality as more flexible and adaptive. He proposes three primary factors for a normal personality: solitary, adventurous and dutiful, which have sub-categories of the personality disorders under the broad categories of withdrawn (Cluster A personality disorders), immature (Cluster B personality disorders) and neurotic (Cluster C personality disorders). The healthy personality would then manifest as mystical, hardy and self-actualised respectively. â€Å"Traits are complex dispositions that involve both behavioural andShow MoreRelatedBorderline Personality Disorder And Personality Disorders931 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Amad, Ramoz, Thomas, Jardri and Gorwood questioned if borderline personality disorder runs in families through genetics. Although not stated borderline personality disorder was first diagnosed as an illness in 1980. Borderline personality disorder is a common mental disability that causes someone to experience unstable moods and occasionally have psychotic episodes. Gene-environment interaction which is when 2 different genotypes respond to different environmental variation in differentRead MoreBorderline Personality Disorder And Personality Disorders2101 Words   |  9 PagesBorderline Personality Disorder Emani J. Mills Psychology of Personality Catinia Farrington INTRODUCTION â€Å"Personality disorders have been documented in approximately 9 percent of the general U.S. population† (Angstman, Rasmussen, 2011). Emotional dysregulation disorder or its common name borderline personality disorder is a very serious and chronic disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) describes borderline personality disorder as â€Å"aRead MorePersonality Disorders : Borderline Personality Disorder926 Words   |  4 PagesBorderline personality disorder is the most frequent and the most severe of all personality disorders in clinical practice, it s a serious mental disorder with a characteristic pervasive pattern of instability in affect regulation, impulse control, interpersonal relationships, and self-image. It s characterized by severe psychological impairment and high mortality rate due to suicide. (Gado, 2016, p.47) Our group has chosen to focus and elaborate on some of the different personality disorders that existRead MoreThe Personality Of A Personality Disorder2415 Words   |  10 Pagessome of the personality disorders. Every time they hear about those disorders people tend to think that there is murder and abuse involve and that those people are dangerous to society. Since people lack knowledge about the different types of personality disorders, they tend to lack the ability to deal with those type of people. There has always been questions about the symptoms, causes, treatment and involvement in society that involve the Antisocial, Anxiety and Narcissist disorders. We hear aboutRead MoreThe Personality Of Antisocial Personality Disorder1003 Words   |  5 PagesAntisocial personality disorder is a disregard for others rights and violating theses rights. This disorder starts as a child to people who carry this disorder portray the characteristics of irritability, aggressiveness, lack of remorse, and irresponsibility. A psychopath falls under the umbrella of antisocial personality disorders. A psychopath is a person with a personality disorders which is inherited from their parents at birth. Flashes of these inherited factors show and happen in the childRead MorePersonality Disorders : What Causes A Personality Disorder?930 Words   |  4 PagesPersonality disorders is a deeply ingrained pattern of behavior of a specified kind, typically manifest by the time one reaches adolescence and causing long term difficulties in personal relationships or functioning in society. Someone with personality disorder not only effects the person with it but the love ones as well. A question that is always raised while talking about personality disorder is what causes a personality disorder? Some doctors and professor believe that things happen in a person’sRead MorePersonality Theories Of Personality Disorders1497 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent theories of personality wh ich scientists have developed in order to help explain how people think, feel, and behave. The trait theory of personality is one that attempts to explain personality by identifying patterns of behavior that include relatively stable characteristics which in turn causes individuals to consistently behave in particular ways (Funder, 2015). While personality may change due to different situations or states, the trait theory proposes that overall personality characteristicsRead MorePersonality Of Personality Disorders And The Wpa Section On Personality Disorder1359 Words   |  6 PagesPersonality disorder has being and issue among therapist and psychiatrist. Also Personality disorder is presently being acknowledged as an essential condition in standard psychiatry over the world. In spite of the fact that it regularly stays unrecognized in customary practice, research studies have demonstrated that it is familiar, makes significant bleakness, is connected with high expenses to admini strations and to society, and meddles, generally adversely, with advancement in the treatment ofRead MorePersonality Disorders And Eating Disorders1925 Words   |  8 Pagestypes of disorders. I am personally interested in personality disorders and eating disorders. Now that might sound weird, but what I mean is I find it interesting and want to figure out how it effects people. I want to know how it effects people’s daily life. Now a day’s society glorifies personality disorders such as depression and eating disorders in general. Disorders aren’t something to be glorified they are something that some people struggle with and sometimes can’t live with their disorder or illnessRead MoreThe Personality Of Antisocial Personality Disorder1941 Words   |  8 PagesToday it is estimated that .6 to 4% of the general population are thought to have antisocial personality. (Thompson, 2014) Antisocial disorder is a personality disorder in which a person may have b ehavioral deficits or tendencies not accepted as normal by society’s standard. Antisocial personality disorder is sometimes also known as sociopathy. Someone who has this disorder may be called a sociopath. Some behavioral deficits seen in sociopaths include, superficial charm, pathological lying, lack

Pick One By Yourself Example

Essays on Pick One By Yourself Book Report/Review number 24 March Article Review: As Pollution Worsens in China, Solutions Succumb to Infighting In this short article review I will dwell on the environmental problems in China covered by New York Times reporter, Edward Wong, in his article titled As Pollution Worsens in China, Solutions Succumb to Infighting. This New York Times article is focused on the air pollution issues in China and investigates obstacles that stand on the way of solving the problem of the unbearable level of sulfur and carbon dioxide emissions, which has become one of the most burning issues in contemporary China over the past decade. A couple of photos, which show thick smog that veils downtown Beijing, illustrate the article that offers a reader an utterly painstaking research of the problem. According to the article, the air pollution hit record levels in north China in February, 2013. The point is that the biggest coal-firing plants and state-owned oil refinery factories are located in this very region of t he country. The situation with air pollution in China has worsened drastically over the past years. In fact, the deterioration of the air quality in big cities and huge industrial regions has gone so bad that the highest government officials who used to overlook the problem in the past cannot help but acknowledge the alarming level of the environmental threat. For instance, the sulfur levels of diesel are more 20 times as high as that in the United States of America, which are way far from being the flagship of elaborated environmental policy themselves. According to the statistics published in the article by the Edward Wong, the author of this New York Times expose, vehicle emissions are responsible for 22 per cent of the deadly particulate matter in the air, while around 40 per cent come from the coal-fire factories in the capital of China and its nearby provinces (Wong). Unfortunately, while the Ministry of Environmental protection of China push through higher fuel standards, th e biggest state-owned companies, such as Sinopec and PetroChina, as well as the coal-firing factories do their best to lobby just the opposite measures or simply sabotage the implementation of the stricter emission standards. Unfortunately, in the future the situation with air pollution in China is going to worsen even more as the number of cars is increasing rapidly and the solutions succumb to infighting.Work CitedWong, Edward. "As Pollution Worsens in China, Solutions Succumb to Infighting." New York Times. Web. 21 Mar. 2013.

Reforming the House of Lords

Question: Describe the functions and composition of the House of Lords? Answer: Describe the functions and composition of the House of Lords As compared to the House of Commons, the powers granted to the House of Lords are somewhat restricted. The result is that the political clout of the House of Lords is more due to tradition and convention. It has been claimed that the House of Lords does not have any influence on the bills related with government finance. Similarly, this house does not have any authority to stall the legislation of the Parliament for more than a year as the House of Commons can use the Parliament Act, 1949, legislation that was brought in by the Labour party for effectively removing the delaying privileges enjoyed by the House of Lords, to promptly defeat any motion. On the other hand, the House of Lords has the jurisdiction to veto any bill due to which the tenure in office of the government may be prolonged. Without a general election, a government can only continue for five years in office. As a result the House of Lords can block a move initiated by the House of Commons to extend the tenure of a government beyond their legal term. However it is worth mentioning that practically this power has not been used by the House of Lords. The House of Lords also makes valuable contribution for the purpose of improving the quality of legislation and the Parliament. More than half the time of the chambers is devoted for the revision of the bills introduced in the House of Commons. For instance, during the last parliamentary session, 7,259 amendments were tabled by the House of Lords to the draft bills out of which 2,625 amendments have been acknowledged by the House of Commons. Another instance of these amendments is the Counter Terrorism Bill. In this legislation, the plans to revise the period of time have been introduced for which the terrorism suspects can be detained by the law enforcement agencies in custody without a charge. However this proposal faced rejection by a majority of 192. The House of Lords also enjoys the capability to devote its time for involving in in-depth examination of the proposed bills. Such a situation permits the House of Commons to dedicate its efforts on activities like MP constituency responsibilities and other related issues. As a result, several of the most thorough and significant amendments have been introduced by the House of Lords. Some experts have even gone to the extent of claiming that the House of Commons abuses the time and expertise of the House of Lords as it has to rework the incompetently contrived bills. When it comes to the Private Members Bills, the House of Lords has equal powers. In simple words, as is the case with the House of Commons, House of Lords also has the authority to out rightly decline these bills. For example Lord Joffe proposed the Bill in 2005 in which assisted suicide has been proposed to be legalized for the terminally ill persons. It was proposed in this bill that discretion should be provided to the doctors to prescribe a fatal blow of medication to the patients. But this bill has to face severe opposition on moral grounds and subsequently it was defeated. As is the case with the House of Commons, the Lords also enjoys the protection provided by parliamentary privilege. The meaning of this situation is that the chamber has been exempted from libel allegations and as a result it allows liberty of speech to the peers in the Parliament. Apart from the legislative procedures, a significant role is played by the House of Lords for analyzing the actions of the Parliament. This scrutiny takes place in the form of the questions that are asked to the ministers as well as the debates taking place in the Parliament and the committee work. However, the House of Lords does not have an equivalent of the Questions Time available in the House of Commons. In place of it, the House of Lords allocates time at the start of the session for each day when the Lords can ask questions to the ministers. The debates that take place in the chambers also reveal a diverse membership present in the House of Lords. Generally it is said that these debates are more civil than the debates taking place in the House of Commons. Moreover, although it is still present but party allegiance does not have the same weight in the House of Lords. The content of the issues that are debated in the House of Lords are much more denigrated and comprehensive as compared to those in the House of Commons. The reason behind it can be the caliber of the representatives that are present in the House of Lords. Therefore the House of Lords regularly sees debates on issues like the present economic condition in the UK to the state of armed forces. The House of Lords can also boast of several committees that have gained international acclaim for their knowledge. The well-known European Communities Committee enjoys high esteem and it also complements the less detailed studies that are conducted by its counterpart in the House of Commons. In the same way, the Science and Technology Committee that was founded in 1979 came up with a detailed report on e-crime in 2007. This review evaluated the role played by the Internet in the rising crime and it also highlighted the perils of online depravity. This committee gives advice to the government regarding the preventive measures that have to be taken to deal with this problem. Similarly, the Lords Constitution Committee came up with the reporting 2005 in which the potential introduction of ID cards was discussed and the findings of this committee was that may threaten the harmony that existed between state and citizen. The judicial powers enjoyed by the House of Lords have been removed with the introduction of Constitutional Reforms Act, 2005. Before this decision came into practice, it was considered the House of Lords was the uppermost court in the UK. Traditionally it was considered as the court of appeal for all civil and criminal cases. The Law Lords had the responsibility to administer justice as they were the highest ranking judges of the country. But after the establishment of the new Supreme Court in the United Kingdom, effectively the judicial role played by the Lords had been rendered void. The Liberal government of Tony Blair came to power in 1997. Immediately it declared that the House of Lords will be made more representative and democratic. In that time, the House of Lords comprise life peers who were honored with a seat in the House as a result of their exceptional attainment in their respective fields and the traditional hereditary peers who achieved the position through birth. As a result of the huge prevalence of Conservative supporters in the hereditary peers before 1999, there was an ingrown conservative majority in the House of Lords. The manifesto commitment made by the Labour Party in 1997 was thought to be fulfilled with the introduction of House of Lords Act, 1999. This legislation sought to remove the right of the hereditary peers to sit in the House and vote. The result of this legislation was to remove the membership of more than 600 hereditary peers. The result was that a greater equality was created between the Conservatives and the Labour, due to wh ich the balance was held by the cross benches and the Liberal Democrats. It also ended the situation where a single party dominated the House. The changes that took place in the composition of House of Lords can be seen when the membership of the House of Lords in January 1999 is compared with that of November 2009. The situation in January 1999, before the ratification of the Act was that because the conservatives had 473 peers present in the House of Lords. But this changed dramatically and in November 2009, only 190 active Conservative peers were present in the second chamber. In comparison, in 1999, there were 168 Labour peers in the House. But this figure witnessed an increase to 2012 by November 2009. This remains the close parity that is now present between the Labour and the Conservative peers. On the other hand, the number of Liberal Democrat peers had remained the same. There were 67 peers of the party in 1999 and this figure saw a marginal increase to 71 in 2009. By removing the hereditary peers, there was also a considerable drop in cross bench peers. While in 1999, 310 were working in the House but this number abridged to 183 by 2009. There has been an alteration in the composition of the House of Lords due to the rising number of light peers that are derived from common social standing. As compared to the hereditary peers, who traditionally came from the upper class backgrounds, the light peers offered much more socially representative alternative. But at this point it needs to be noted that despite this discrepancy, still there are certain class issues. For the purpose of offering a life peerage, generally the recipient should have achieved something of a particular repute in its field. As a result by the time life peerage is granted, the chances are that the individual will be having an upper-class social standing. This in turn, rigorously restricts the probability of the House of Lords to become more socially representative in the UK. Due to the conditions of House of Lords Act, 1999, there has been an increase in the role played by the women in the House. While during 1990s, there were 80 women who held peerage in the House of Lords, the situation changed significantly and by 2009, in view of the changing composition, 148 women were present in the House of Lords as sitting peers. This remains an increase from 7% of the membership to 20% of the membership in less than two decades. It is evident that at present the House of Lords is diverse from the one that was present before the Labour Party acquired power in 1997. The composition of the House has been altered significantly. From being a conservative stronghold during the pre-reform era, now the House promotes much more equal representation of gender, social status and political allegiance. At the same time, there are a large number of members who are life peers and not hereditary peers. In order to make the Lords more representative of the society, it has been suggested that the hereditary peers should be removed completely. This had been designed with a view to strengthen the mood for a second chamber that is purely based on appointment. The main idea behind these proposals is to create a more representative chamber that is based on the votes that are required by a particular political party during the previous general elections. For this purpose, wide-ranging reforms have been proposed for the House of Lords. In theory, it has been anticipated by the government that by successfully implementing and are appointed second chamber, there will be space for introducing more basic changes to be made so that the position of the Lords can be stabilized in the Parliament. At the same time, it was also planned by the government that a wider program of constitutional changes should be introduced in the House. This completely relied on the triumph of the reforms mentioned abov e in making sure that the House of Lords upheld its legitimacy. In this regard, many experts have claimed that the reforms introduced in the House of Lords in 1999 have significantly changed the House of Lords for better. On the other hand there are many persons who argue against this. Ultimately the Labour Government failed in its promise to deliver a fully elected second chamber of the Parliament. The House of Commons voted in favor of the reforms in 2007, resulting in 100 percent or 80 percent elected second chamber of the Parliament. However the House of Lords out rightly rejected this proposal. Although the various governments have insisted that the reforms will be pushed through by using the will of the House of Commons, since then many years have passed and the squabbling between the two houses has been going on. An unelected second chamber of the Parliament that has no direct link with the people raises questions regarding its legitimacy. There is overwhelming public favor regarding the reform of Lords and a large number of people are in favor of a entirely elected chamber. It can be argued that as compared to the last century, much change has been seen by the House of Lords regarding its composition and the use of its powers. While the House of Lords Act, 1999 took away the hereditary title of succession to peerage, the significance of the House of Lords has also been reduced significantly by the Constitutional Reform Act, 2005 as a legislative and judicial body. Among the recommendations that can be made in this regard, despite the unrepresentative and undemocratic nature of the House of Lords, it is okay to recommend that the House had played an important role in the British Constitution, in the scrutiny of the Bills passed by the House of Commons and also in the secluded me of EU legislation. It is widely recognized that this includes the procedures that are adopted in the House of Lords are among the most effective procedures in the Community. In the 1968 by favor, it has been proposed that a two-tier House comprising of voting as well as non-voting members should be present. But at the same time, there has been a proposal in favor of a fully elected second chamber of Parliament. But in this regard it also needs to be noted that such a House may become biased because electing the members may result in political turmoil. An Upper House has also been proposed by the Wakeham Commission which will be mainly nominated but partly elected also. In such a case, issues may arise regarding the procedure of election and in the response of the government to the Report, this issue has been highlighted. It can also be stated in this regard that by introducing some elected members to the house, there may be the creation of two classes of members in the House. It can be considered in such a case that the elected members have greater democratic authority and legitimacy as compared to the appointed members. In case the second Chamber was going to be elected, it may become another political battleground or a carbon copy chamber which will appear to be unnecessary and in such a case, the House of Lords will ultimately become redundant in its form as a constitutional body. It is due to this conflict of interest representing party political deficit of two elected Chambers. On the other hand, there had been suggestions that the elections for the House of Lords can take place at a dissimilar time from the general elections so that the composition of the House may be altered. Similarly the issue of political patronage has also been raised, maintaining the idea of minority elected second chamber of the Parliament. In this case, out of the 600 members, 120 could be elected. But these proposals were not considered to be effective by the House of Commons and also by the House of Lords. According to a recent proposal mentioned in the white paper of 2007, a suggestion has been made in favor of a hybrid House in which case the House of Commons will not be replicated or challenged. The issue of reforms in Lords is a matter that has remained on the political outline for the last several years. In this regard, a number of proposals have been made. A large number of people are in favor of having a hybrid House. On the other hand, some persons argued that a new body should be created, which should not have the legislative functions of the House of Lords. It should perform an advisory role and in this way, the issue of democracy will be alleviated. Even if this type of proposal appears to be too radical but it can be stated that the important functions' being performed by the House of Lords will remain. Similarly, in some other proposals related with the reforms to be introduced in the House of Lords, it has been suggested that a select committee should be given the power to nominate candidates for membership. Hence, it can be said that there is a need for maintaining balance amid the democratic nature of the House of Lords and the legislative authority enjoyed by it. In this regard the proposals made by 2007 White Paper and the Wakeham Report can be enhanced. It can also be said in this context that the reform of the House of Lords has been somewhat exhausted as the only other proposition is that of a fully elected chamber although it is not very favorable and unlikely to take place. Still it appears that the proposals of creating a new body that is organized on the basis of popular bases instead of heredity appear to be more desirable, still if such a proposal will see fulfillment is an issue in its own entirety. References W Bradley and K D Ewing, Constitutional and Administrative Law, 15th Edition, Pearson Longman 2010 Direct Gov Website: https://www.direct.gov.uk/en/index.htm Hilaire Barnett, Constitutional and Administrative Law. 9th Edition, Routledge 2011 Jones, B. Kavanagh, D. Moran, M. and Norton, P. (2007), Politics UK, 6th Edition Meg Russell. House of Lords Reform Since 1911: Must THe Lords Go? (2012) 35 West European Politics 701 Norton, P. (2005), Parliament in British Politics P Wintour and N Watt 'David Cameron to appoint more Tory peers to the House of Lords' The Guardian London, 28 July, 2015 Russell, M. (2000), Reforming the House of Lords: Lessons from Overseas The Works of the House of Lords: https://www.parliament.uk/documents/upload/HoLwork.pdf UK Parliament Website: https://www.parliament.uk/index.cfm

Theory of Traditional Chinese Social Structure Essay Example

Theory of Traditional Chinese Social Structure Essay Differential mode and relationship mode Professor Fees Differential Mode, initially developed from the biological differential. But because traditional Chinese groups have a strong sense of identity of blood, causing the groups naturally transformed into patterns of social relations between. 1. Differential Mode Professor Fee, with the perspective from the social relations of traditional Chinese social structure, and thus invented Differential Mode. He believes that the social structure of traditional Chinese is like a stone thrown into the water launch waves of irises. Every man is his introduction to the social impact of the center of the circle. By pushing the circle and the wave of the The contact took place. the tightness of contact between people, but also with the two In this corrugated circle to determine the distance In the distance. That Is, between a person and Relationships of others, like the ripples of water as to themselves as the center, introduced to a circle, the more push farther and also push more thinner. @ Proof. Fee the traditional Chinese differential pattern with the West group pattern were compared, and further lardier the structure of traditional China. We will write a custom essay sample on Theory of Traditional Chinese Social Structure specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Theory of Traditional Chinese Social Structure specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Theory of Traditional Chinese Social Structure specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In his view, Western society is often formed by a number of one group of people. Groups there is a certain limit, and who is the group where people, who are groups of people outside, not vague, we must distinguish. The people In the group a group, the relationship between the groups Is the same, if the same group or class in the respective groups, it is first required. Pattern in this group, the members are equal, so there is no similar blood the natural contact and poor, everyone is talking about the rights and obligations. If a member or less than their rights, or not doing the minimum obligations, are likely to leave the group. They are not human In the hot and cold, but of rights. In Western society Is the right fight, and It Is climbing In our relationship, about friendship. @ compared with the differential pattern, the pattern of functional groups relatively simple. For example, the Western family will be in business matters very little, the main function is to birth children. Children in this group is supporting, they grew up and became to leave the group. In their political, economic, religious and other groups to undertake other functions, not In the family since the beginning. And family home In China law, may owe respect and affection between couples, women with three criteria Trot ten Tour vulture, parents Ana centre pay attention to responsibility obedience. ($) even getting married adult children had to live away from their parents do not give board and lodging is very common. Of course, this analysis is Professor Fee Oxidation, Chinas society in terms of the main structure, not to say that Chinas rural society there is no group. Similarly, in western modern society, the same pattern of differential exists, but relatively important nothing more. In fact, these two patterns of the basic form of social structure , can be capable of distinguishing between the concept, in fact on the often coexist, but each side can see the winning nothing more. The reason to conduct such a distinction and emphasis, because this distinction can i ndeed help us to get a lot of social structure, a more realistic understanding of the various exemptions confusion. 2. Differential pattern: from the blood into the relationship between patterns of differential Between people to rank the differential social relations are the main features of the tatter, like the stone drowned generated ripples continue to spread outward circle. So, in real life, this intimacy between people is how far and near, the formation of social relations, or the interaction between the decision to rank the relationship that is based on what? Analysis from the perspective of Professor Fee Oxidation, based originally came from the blood relationship between people, blood differential. The difference between the sequence pattern derived from the biological nature of human kinship structures, used in the formation of social interaction between people u to the structure of social relations, is based on the blood by differential patterns of social relations. Difference from the blood into the pattern of social relations, not only is a qualitative change, but also a quantity (range) of the shrinking. Blood is the natural connection between people, to give each person a role can not change the blood. And, to rank the blood relationship is also very obvious, easy to distinguish. Such as relies instead between his father, their identity is fixed and can not be changed. Blood relationship between the two most pro recently. In comparison, relies instead ND uncles (fathers brother) relationship will have to sparse point further. This affinity for the distinct blood differential pattern of social relations between people provides an excellent basis. Also, because of this traditional Chinese kinship-based groups (clans) have a high degree of identity, kinship and thus formed the basis differential pattern of traditional Chinese social structure has become the main features. Biological significance and blood differential to push thousands of people, may have been introduced to include the infinite people, past, present, and future of the people. @ and China attaches great importance to the traditional blood groups ( clan), so that even happen due to human factors, blood ties broken, so that blood differential narrowed to a range of groups including the number of people are still considerable. In contrast, the formation of social relations between people in social interaction, and the scope of interaction, after all, is limited, therefore, the scope of social relations between people than the scope of the relationship between blood differential is much smaller . In other words, blood differential of the corrugated ricer Is greater than ten social relations AT ten corrugated circle. Sequence of blood corrugated circle, the circle formed by members of the group are essentially long-term and widespread traditional Chinese clan. Within the clan and relies instead members have social interaction constitute their own social relations as the center of the corrugated circle. Two corrugated circle Although there are groups within the clan, but the number of the former is obviously greater than the latter. Differential patterns of community circle Differential pattern of corrugated circle in , relies instead on in the center of the ins, relies instead and the other people in the circle of social relations depends on their affinity with the relies instead the distance. From relies instead on the more recent, more intimate relationship. This is the difference between the traditional sequence pattern revealed by the basic characteristics of social relations in China. Further analysis showed that this basic structure, there is still a community circle, it is still using the differential pattern of blood ties to further divided into inner and outer ring that the two most obvious affinities, Its purpose is to further consolidate ND strengthen the important social relations, to further clarify the criteria for social interaction. This is everyone individual capacity-limited results. 1 . Difference sequence pattern exists sector loop Corrugated circle shape of the difference sequence pattern, relies instead and the circle to the other person is sparse by the pro-social relationships, from relies instead on more pro-closer, the more far more sparse. Well, this closeness in everyday life is how to embody it? Apart from blood relations, but also influenced by what? Based on research by Professor Fee Oxidation, Relationships of daily life is not he embodiment of a balanced, progressive state, but have different emphases. This reflects the way of the main factors, in addition to blood, as well as the balance of rights and obligations. Social relations is an important social capital, therefore, for everyone, always hope and expand their social relations as much as possible the corrugated circle. Corrugated circle of the expansion, which means relies instead on acquired rights increases, while their obligations have increased. Social relationships is to rely on frequent interaction can be obtained, and each persons mime, energy, capacity is limited. As Professor Fee said, social relations, rights and obligations must be fairly balanced, this balance can be very long in time, but if one- sided, too much social relations will, unless coupled with coercive power, or will the broken. One way to prevent the break in reducing bear on social relations. Thus, the real world, people on the one hand to expand their social relations as much as possible the corrugated circle and the other terms and subject to their own time, energy, ability, etc. Had to corrugated circle inside a small and select the corrugated circle. In this small ripples circle, because of relies instead on a sufficient time, energy, ability, and therefore frequent interaction with other members, emotional intimacy, the right for each other big, too heavy obligations. In this small ripples circle, the interaction is small, the right to obtain a small, light obligations. This small ripples circle in the original large ripple ring internal, naturally formed a dividing lin e, a community circle. In order to relies instead as ten center to ten regally AT ten poor Dye ten pro-sequence pattern, ten community ricer pattern of the entire differential is further divided into Pro and Shush two parts, but also the whole pattern of differential into the inner and outer. 2. Demarcated boundary circle For blood groups in terms of traditional China, a differential pattern of corrugated circle is a clan. Within the group in this clan, there is a small inner circle family. Inner circle (family) relationship between the members, feelings of intimacy. Frequent interaction between members only, and are active cooperation and mutual assistance. Each member and their families at weddings and other events, the other embers must give money to send things (gifts), to show Ghee or mast, which is to fulfill it. Of course, there are affinities between members, fulfill their obligations when there are gifts of the thickness. They are outside with the family (outer ring) of the members are non-family relationships, feelings in general. The interaction between members is not only less negative and may contain contradictions and conflicts. So when the outer ring members and their families held funerals and other activities, members do not need money to send inner objects (their obligations). This preference sequence pattern inner ring is a traditional division of standards unique to Chinas five system. Five system rich in content, but also very complex (including blood, marriage, etc. ), here it specifically refers to Five blood, from relies instead proceed within the Five blood relatives (including spouse) (see Figure . The figure that is the traditional pattern of rural differential (clan) in the inner circle (family), the industry circle is clear: to relies instead as the center, extending to five generations, that the high grandparents down to the great-great-grandson and gather in law, peer extended to the family of siblings and spouses. In the (inner) within the members were relies instead relatives, while non-relatives outside the scope of that Book of Rites, mass communications, so-called VI relatives dried ca rry on. For example: a family of brothers and sisters and spouses, relies instead relatives, because they are within the blood in the Five Dynasties. But their children and relies instead is a non-kinship, blood relationship as more than five generations; again from siblings and spouses and relies instead is kinship, and is thin four generations of blood relations, therefore, their children and relies instead was still within the Five Dynasties, and therefore relationship. Circle cultural existence sector Differential Mode and industry circles began in differential blood, blood groups used in social relations, a thousand years, the main features of Chinese social structure. Also, because they are long-term presence in the traditional Chinese and eventually evolved into a concept of culture, and extensive penetration into the various non- blood of social groups, to be blood is one of the outstanding performance. It is this ultra penetration, making the differential pattern and industry circles from the blood can be based on a wide range of groups exist in unrelated, there is in non- traditional Chinese social structure. 1 . Community circle: from the blood groups blood groups to non-understanding of traditional essence order structure AT ten Downward Ana Walton ten circle, not only helps to know and understand Chinas past, but the study of Chinas future social structure and relationships more meaningful. This is because: in China by the traditional to modern in the transition process, in the differential blood-based tatter of gradual decline, we are very clear to see: the traditional Chinese blood differential, blood concept has been ingrained in peoples minds, so that no blood ties, people are also invariably mock out of blood contact, and accordingly the formation of social relations, distinguish between near and far. Between the father and son get along with mentoring, college roommate called each other by date of birth brother or sister, etc. That is, this simulation of the concrete embodiment. Using this to be blood method, from own home, from home to the country, from the country to the world, is a pathway. This shows that blood levels of the differential pattern in China has risen to the level of the difference between the concept of sequence pattern, forming a generally recognized by people of culture. That is, the blood group-based differential pattern has evolved into a con cept of culture, and the widespread nature of non-blood groups, especially those among the large number of informal groups. The concept of culture has been relatively independent, not only will not end with the weakening of traditional kinship groups, which dilute the contrary, in the future for a long period of time, it also its vitality and intention to maintain the social structure in China The differential pattern. 2. Demarcation of the cultural circle By cultural circle is relative to the blood in the differential in terms of the boundary circle is defined as the difference between the nature of non-blood groups in the sector sequence pattern circle. Order it in bad blood circle sector is significantly different: the boundary of blood in the differential blood circle in full compliance with the degree of kinship, position clear, that is relative (family members) and non- family (clan members) of the boundary; The location of the cultural circle is very legible and not bound by blood relationship, completely based on how much personal time, energy, strength and capacity size. For example, traditional social structure in the neighborhood is the status of each one do his own center, draw a circle around. A happy event to your wine, have a baby to send red eggs, a funeral undertakers to help out, a coffin Neighborhood size range by a central forces have determined the thickness. Influential people throughout the neighborhood can Village, a poor family neighborhood Just next to the two or three. Here called the ricer , range that is, cultural circles, is to be blood, Order Structure of the boundary circle. Left the blood relationship between the natural, cultural circles rely mainly on the interests, feelings, beliefs and so maintained. First, the community blood differential ring compared to the interest of maintaining the strength of a larger, overall, should be more than emotion. In other words, to be blood groups and individuals in the industry circle to maximize the rights and obligations of mostly minimization principle. Secondly, it should be and blood differential, as the power till comes from maintaining emotional, especially those between the original edge of the background with industry between groups, such as students circle, circle comrades, colleagues rings. Finally, with the accelerating process of cultural diversity, people AT Talent Dye ten same group Torment gradually Increased, ten Deterrence between the sequence of its internal ring pattern and less influenced by industry interests and the emotional impact, more by maintaining the level of faith. Cultural circle, determine the inner person and outer man and the main criteria or the standard differential blood, Just as watching a personal and their families in life (birth), the old (old birthday ), disease, death, marriage (wedding), and building, promotion and other big activities interact with other people. If you encounter such an event, always give money to send things to each other, it is the inner man, or is the outer ring of people. Especially in the many informal groups, such a standard is most clear. 3. Inner ring: difference sequence pattern of the most influential factors In addition to the whole Do not closeness function, the differential mode of existence of community circle also shows that: inner ring is a differential pattern in the core part of the pattern on the differential impact of the giant. And, in many formal social groups, the inner ring is often invisible to form small groups of one, small group, about the impact of even the normal operation of formal organizations. Differential pattern of circles and the location of the boundary determined by the boundary circle carved out of the inner and outer rings, are on the society and its development in terms of the general situation. When the differential pattern of abnormal external environment changes, even the blood differential will change the boundary circle.

A world of intoxification essays

A world of intoxification essays Screams pierced the midnight air and students ran wildly about the campus. Police cars whizzed by with their sirens blaring in the night. Glass was being broken and girls were being defiled. Confusion was all around and no one could stop it. This is an average night at any given university in America. The similarities between a horror story and a story about a college party are too many. At an average college party where alcohol is being served there is the possibility of fights, rape, death, destruction, and jail time. The common opinion in America is that all of these things are bad. So why do college students continue to engage in these activities? There are three reasons. First, if students have not been exposed to alcohol or drugs previously, when they get into that kind of environment, they will experiment. Secondly, if everyone else who is important, i.e. fraternities and sororities, does it, then to be important, you must drink. Finally, without parent instilling morals and good judgment into their children, the students do not think that it is wrong to participate in these activities. All in all, the biggest problem on college campuses is the consumption of alcohol and drugs. If a person was never exposed to the heat of a flame their whole life, and then was thrown into a family barbeque, where they asked this person to cook, how well would they do? They would probably put too much lighter fluid in the grill. Or, they would light the grill while looking at it to see what it did. Or, they would light the grill and then put their hand on it to see what it felt like. All of these things would cause extreme pain to the person who did this. But, would it be their fault? Would it be their fault that they didnt know how combustible lighter fluid was? It wouldnt be their fault if they put t ...

Comprehensive Classroom Management Plan

Comprehensive Classroom Management Plan A Comprehensive Classroom Management Plan is critical for the success of a teacher in any kind of classroom. Still, a poorly organized resource room or self-contained classroom will be just as unproductive and chaotic as a general education classroom without a behavior rudder-perhaps more so. Too long, teachers have relied on being the biggest, the loudest or a bully to control misbehavior. Many children with disabilities have learned that disruptive behavior will help them avoid the embarrassment of revealing to their peers that they cant read, or that they get the answers wrong more often than not. Creating a well ordered and successful classroom is important for all children. Shy or well-behaved children need to know that they will be safe. Disruptive students need to have the structure that will support their best behavior and learning, not their worst behavior. Classroom Management: A Legal Obligation Because of lawsuits, states have created legislation that requires teachers to provide progressive discipline plans for students. Creating a safe educational environment is more than something nice, it is a legal responsibility as well as important to retaining employment. Being proactive is the best way to be sure that you can meet this important obligation. A Comprehensive Plan For a plan to truly be successful, it needs to: Provide clarity about expectations. This begins with rules but needs to continue with teaching. Routines or procedures also provide clarity about expectations.Recognize and reward appropriate behavior. This can be provided through Positive Behavior Support.Sanction and provide consequences for unacceptable behavior. In order to assure that a plan provides each of these things, it will also require all of the following. Reinforcement: Sometimes the term consequence is used for positive as well as negative outcomes. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) uses the term reinforcement. Reinforcement can be intrinsic, social or physical. Reinforcement can be designed to support replacement behavior, though in a class-wide system you may want to offer a menu of reinforcers, and let students select things they find reinforcing. Put food items on the bottom of the elementary reinforcement menu, so you can white out those items if your school/district has policies against using food for reinforcement. If you have students with really difficult behaviors, a sandwich bag of popcorn is often enough to keep them working for long periods of time independently. Reinforcement Systems: These plans can support a whole class in positive behavior plans: Token Systems: Tokens can be points, chips, stickers or other ways to record students successes. You need to find the best way to communicate immediately when students have earned tokens toward the reinforcers of their choice.A Lottery System: Catch students being good and give them tickets that are good for a drawing. I like the red tickets you can buy for carnivals, and kids like them too.The Marble Jar: a jar or another way to accumulate the whole classes success toward a group prize (a field trip, a pizza party, a movie day) will help provide a visual reminder of rewards: it also helps you remember to sprinkle praise generously around your classroom. Consequences: A system of negative outcomes to prevent unacceptable behaviors. As part of a progressive discipline plan, you want to have consequences in place. Jim Fay, author of Parenting with Love and Logic, refers to natural consequences and logical consequences. Natural consequences are outcomes that flow automatically from behaviors. Natural consequences are the most powerful, but few of us would find them acceptable. The natural consequence of running into the street is getting hit by a car. The natural consequence of playing with knives is to get badly cut. Those are not acceptable. Logical consequences teach because they are logically connected to the behavior. A logical consequence of not completing work is losing recess time when work can be completed. A logical consequence of ruining a textbook is to pay for the book, or when that is difficult, to put in volunteer time to repay the school for lost resources. Consequences for a progressive discipline plan might include: A warning,The loss of part or all of recess,The loss of privileges, such as computer time,A letter home,Parent contact by phone,After School Detention, and/orSuspension or other administrative action as a last resort. Think Sheets can be used as part of your progressive plan, especially at that point when students lose all or part of their recess or other free time. Use them with care: for students who dont like to write may see writing as punishment. Having students write I will not talk in class 50 times has the same effect. Serious or Repetitive Behavior Problems Have an emergency plan and practice it if you are likely to have a student with serious behavior problems. Determine who should get a phone call if you need to remove children either because they are having a tantrum, or because their tantrums put their peers at risk. Students with disabilities should have Functional Behavioral Analysis, completed by the teacher or school psychologist, followed by a Behavior Improvement Plan created by the teacher and the Multiple Disciplinary Team (IEP Team). The plan needs to be disseminated to all the teachers who will have contact with the student.

Contrast Between Edward Cole and Carter Chambers in The Bucket List Essay

Contrast Between Edward Cole and Carter Chambers in The Bucket List - Essay Example Edward Cole was a billionaire, a wealthy man who made a business out of nothing. He owned the ‎hospital that he and Mr. Chambers were receiving treatments in. Mr. Cole made his fortune in the health ‎industry as shown in the movie, that he earlier was presenting his case on making patients share one room, ‎and also the expenditure that he bourn for the traveling. A self-centered man, who did not like sharing ‎his hospital room with Carter, and also, when Thomas served his lavish dinner, he made no sharing offer ‎to his room-mate. Also, when Carter felt the chills at night, he ignored and kept on sleeping. While on the other hand, Mr. Chambers was an ordinary mechanic who spent his life under the ‎cars, fixing them. Yet, Mr. Chambers was blessed with extraordinary love and knowledge of history. Like shown in the movie, Mr. Chambers knew the answers to every question which the fellow mechanic ‎asked from a book, and also, at different points in the movie, when he knew the answers to all the berries ‎shown on the hospital TV. While Edward was ignorant, Carter did opposite to what Edward did. When ‎Edward felt chilly, he called over the nurse to drug Edward for a peaceful sleep.‎ Edward Cole was a materialist man. He earlier was shown arguing over the fact that there is no ‎harm in making the patients share a room together as he said: â€Å"he was running healthcare and not a ‎health spa†. It was his theory that â€Å"one room two beds† allowed better accommodation. And also on ‎the list, he had all materialistic items such as having a tattoo and sky-diving. Mr. Cole was also not a firm ‎believer of God, whom he called â€Å"biggie† on his first flight with Carter.‎

Government Debt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Government Debt - Essay Example The following theories affirm that there is no alarm when government acquires debt. Attainment of key objectives in providing amenities to the citizens should be the primary concern of the government holding the people's wealth in the form of taxes, fees and fines (Burda & Wyplosz, 2005). Policy makers take account of risk factors more than the mere increase in price value of the loans before going for one. Therefore, it is imperative to say that the increase in government debt should not be a prime concern to the citizens since an amount borrowed and well spent can warrant further borrowing as the amenities set up provide an indispensable source of creating more national wealth (Gordon, 2006). As the government expands the supply of money through creating national debts, inflation is bound to occur. When the government tries to pay off this debt, the supply of money in the circulation tends to decrease causing deflation. Thus, when there is payment of any noteworthy sum of liability more than the national debt is being made at any given time; up to, ten times less, the amount is due for repayment (Gordon, 2006). This is to say if the government paid all its debt today, money supply would contract upwards by approximately ten per cent (Carlin & Soskice, 2006). This would translate into a decrease by around one third of money in circulation, and a reduction by one-third the price of the price of commodities. This adjustment period hampers the monetary trade, translating into large pay cuts and citizens not being able to afford basic amenities. This forces Companies to adjust their workforce salaries below the minimum wage rate (Wells & Krugman, 2009). It is worth denoting that a gigantic government debt should not be a bother to the citizens, as payment of this lump some debt will result to citizens bearing the complex consequences of an expensive lifestyle. It is imperative to state that a range of factors determine the coupon payment including the face value, frequency of payment and maturity of the bonds. It is vital to consider the yield on comparable investment plans in the loan repayment schedules. The government thus gets enough time to get value for the advanced loans before they are due for repayment (Pentecost, 2010). Considering the current market value of the bonds issued and debt owed, the government will pay a lower end sum amount than the amount formally lent. In case the bonds were issued to internal lenders, it significantly becomes clear that the money is ploughed back to the economy and money owed to the country’s citizens and held by the state in accomplishing fiscal objectives (Blinder and Baurnol 2010). Therefore, this implies that the size of government debt should not bother the citizens on its repayment manner as at times, the debt tends to be lower compared to the amount borrowed initially, implying that the remaining portion caters for a better and improved economy. The debt to income ratio (DTI) measures the government’s revenue that goes in settling debts (Dornbusch, Fischer & Startz, 2001). The government has a duty to cater for the welfare of its citizens and cannot collect enough revenue in taxes to cover for all the recurrent expenses, and physical developments. This necessitates for borrowing to meet the obligations and targets of the fiscal year. There is a need for

Joseph the Favorite Son Essay Example for Free

Joseph the Favorite Son Essay Abstract The story of Joseph is one of the classic stories which portrayed sibling rivalry that was fueled by envy. Joseph’s story can be found in the book of Genesis, the same biblical book where the story of â€Å"Cain and Abel† can be found; another story that portrayed sibling rivalry. At the beginning of the story, it was pretty obvious that Joseph was loved by his father, Jacob, so much that he was given high regard over his other brothers upon which ten were older than him. When they finally reached the boiling point, they originally plotted to kill Joseph but later decided to just sell him to a passing Ishmaelite merchant. He was sold to the Pharaoh of Egypt who decided to make him the Pharaoh’s personal servant. This is where he was able to practice and utilize his gift from God, which was interpreting dreams. Joseph, the Favorite Son Joseph was the eleventh of twelfth sons of Jacob, who was regarded in the bible as Israel while his sons were the twelve tribes of Israel. One day, Joseph had a dream about eleven stars, the sun, and the moon bowing before him (Genesis 37:9 Revised Standard Version). This is when his father, Jacob, realized that Joseph was blessed by God. Ever since learning about that fact, he became overprotective of Joseph, as he knew that his other sons will try to harm him if Joseph told them his dreams and its interpretations. Joseph became his favorite son, and because of this, his other sons grew jealous of Joseph. They started to despise him, and plotted to kill him—except for the eldest among the brothers, Reuben. Jealousy and envy has caused previous sibling rivalry stories in the book of genesis—an example would be the story of â€Å"Cain and Abel†. However, one cannot blame the antagonists for being jealous for there is always a favor or favoritism factor in some of these stories; including the story of Joseph the dreamer. It is safe to assume that out of favoritism comes jealousy, and then from jealousy comes rivalry. The Genesis Touch A lot of themes from the book of Genesis tend to repeat themselves in the book’s thematic divisions—Creation and post-creation (Adam and Eve, with addition of Cain and Abel), Patriarch Saga (Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob), and The Story of Joseph the dreamer. There is bound to be theme similarities between stories that belong to each thematic division. In the story of Joseph, the themes that can be identified are: (1) Faith (exists in Abraham), (2) Sibling Rivalry (exists in Cain and Abel), (3) Covenant (exists in all stories of the Genesis), (4) Fall and Restoration (exists in Adam and Eve), and (5) Destiny (exists in Abraham). Faith is one of the most recurring themes in the Old Testament as well as in some parts of the New Testament. It starts from the creation story wherein God entrusted Eden to Adam and Eve. Faith was also present at the story of Abraham, whom he acted on a leap-of-faith, dedicated himself to sacrifice his son, Isaac, for God; although, it did not push through. Like in the two stories, Faith is also present here in the story of Joseph. However, Faith here may have been slightly different as it was faithfulness of Joseph towards Israel—Jacob. He was a tattle tale: â€Å"and Joseph brought an ill report of them to their father† (Genesis 37:2). Indeed through Joseph’s faithfulness, it earned him the title of â€Å"Jacob’s favorite son†. However, this did not bode well with his brothers, as it intensified their jealousy and hatred towards him. Sibling Rivalry was always bound to happen. The theme of Sibling Rivalry has existed since the story of â€Å"Cain and Abel†. It proliferated to other succeeding stories, including the story of Joseph. One problem of Joseph that prompted his brothers to despise him was his arrogance. Other than him being the favorite son of Jacob, he did show arrogance in some parts of the story while sharing his dreams to his brothers: â€Å"He said to them, ‘Hear this dream which I have dreamed: behold, we were binding sheaves in the field, and lo, my sheaf arose and stood upright; and behold, your sheaves gathered round it, and bowed down to my sheaf† (Genesis: 36:6-7). Who would not be mad after hearing that? This prompted them to hate him even more with his dreams and how he interprets the dreams. However, Joseph’s gift of interpreting dreams was considered as a blessing from God. Through this, a covenant between God and Joseph was created. The Covenant theme has always recurred throughout the bible. After all, it is a holy agreement between God and an individual—usually men in the Old Testament. Like in all stories before Joseph’s, a covenant was likely to be formed through the blessings that the individual will receive. It may have been like a past version of â€Å"the terms of agreement†. Joseph’s gift frightened and angered his brothers, as they sold him to an Ishmaelite merchant instead of killing him—as Reuben suggested. The Ishmaelite then sold Joseph to Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh, who made him his personal servant. Joseph was not fully aware that he and God had a covenant ever since he received the gift of interpreting dreams. Even so, he was continuously blessed by God as he prospered and became successful. Then Potiphar’s wife kept tempting him—familiar with the creation story—to lie with her in bed; have sex with her. However, he always refused. This prompted her to accuse him of trying to sleep with her and was thrown into prison. Then he was continuously blessed by God while he was imprisoned: â€Å"But the Lord was with Joseph and showed him steadfast love, and gave him favour in the sight of the keeper of the prison† (Genesis 39:21). These favors made Joseph realize the covenant that bounded him with God. The fall and restoration of Joseph may have occurred during his days in Egypt. The theme of fall and restoration is a theme that greatly comprises the tragedy that occurs to a person and a periodic rise right after. For example, the fall and restoration that occurred in the story of Adam and Even was the temptation up to the point wherein God banished them. Although not much restoration happened, God decided to just banish them out of Eden and start their own life, instead of decimating them. In the story of Joseph, the fall and restoration occurred in two phases: (1) When he was thrown at the pit and sold which later on prospered in Egypt, and (2) The accusation of Potiphar’s wife and his interpretation of the Pharaoh’s dream which earned him an important government position. Upon the realization of the covenant, the second phase took place. The full restoration took place while he became the overseer that handles food distribution and storage. As his brothers went to Egypt to buy grain during the seven years of famine, he saw them and commanded them to return and fetch Benjamin, the brother closest to Joseph, with them on their way back to Egypt. After which, Benjamin was able to identify him and soon their family was reunited. This was the full restoration that occurred after the start of the first phase and the end of the second phase. It may have been destiny that brought them together once again. Destiny is a strong word that has always been present in the Bible. It was God’s will towards a person, especially those whom He has chosen to lead; for example, like Abraham. Combining the other four themes would generate the destiny that God assigned to Joseph ever since blessing him with the gift of dream interpretation. His destiny may have been played out in this fashion: He was given the gift of dream interpretation—the father admires his faithfulness to him and discovers his skill, warning him not to tell his brothers about it—Joseph told his brothers about a dream that intensified their jealousy and hatred towards him—most of them plotted to destroy him, sold him instead to a merchant—he became Potiphar’s servant, who later became his prisoner after being framed—butler and baker made him interpret their dreams, wherein the butler promised that he will be remembered—Pharaoh had a nightmare that he wanted to interpret, so he sent for Joseph and had it interpreted (after the butler recommended him to the Pharaoh)—Joseph interpreted it accurately and was assigned as the overseer of food distribution and storage—With this position, it gave him an opportunity to reunite with his family after disappearing for so long—then the Hebrews were offered a land in Egypt wherein they moved there from Canaan, delivering them from famine (Genesis 37-47). In this process, the four Genesis themes of Joseph’s story were combined to form and somewhat correlate with the last theme which was Destiny. It was by God’s will that his destiny was formed right from the start. Joseph the son, dreamer, servant, prisoner, interpreter, and official Joseph was the eleventh son of Jacob, and he was the most favored among all of his brothers. It was mentioned that he was at age seventeen when he started experiencing these dreams that were believed to be visions of the future. For his father, this was a blessing by God which earned him more favor over his brothers. Other than that, Joseph was loyal to Jacob who was Israel—as the story would mention. His loyalty earned him a rightful place and won his father’s favor. He was equally loyal to God as the blessed gift of dream interpretation tied them together. However, he had a minor flaw when he was at age seventeen. He was a bit arrogant, although he was unaware of it. It may have been possible that he was sharing his dream (Genesis: 36:6-7) to his brothers which he should not have, in the process disobeying their father as he was warned not to tell them any of his dreams nor his special talent. For his brothers, they found the context of the dream as an act of arrogance since it interpreted that they should bow to him. This further fueled their hatred towards Joseph. As he was the eleventh son, it was disrespectful to mention such a thing towards the older brothers. His father loved and favored him but his brothers despised him, that they plotted to kill him but with Reuben’s intervention, he was sold to an Ishmaelite trader instead. When Joseph became the servant of Potiphar, he expressed the same kind of loyalty that he had towards his father; although, it may have also been because of the fact that he was loyal to God as well. Being God-blessed and loyal earned him Potiphar’s favor and made him the overseer of the house who was in-charge of all over that Potiphar had (Genesis 39:4). With all of these blessing come an unfortunate circumstance: Potiphar’s seduction or temptation of Joseph. It was a test that Joseph successfully passed. However, he was framed by the wife and was put in prison. Another twist occurred when God blessed him while he was imprisoned (Genesis 39:21). His prison sentence led him to another circumstance upon which was favorable to him. The chief butler and chief baker of the Pharaoh were thrown in prison as well after disappointing the Pharaoh. This was where he was given the opportunity to interpret the dreams of others, when both the butler and the baker had dreams—which were probably visions of the future. Both ended up looking troubled the next day, hence prompting Joseph to help: â€Å"So he asked Pharaoh’s officers who were with him in custody in his master’s house, ‘Why are your faces downcast today? ’ (Genesis 40:7). In the ancient world, dreams usually need interpretation as they would convey messages that may hold great importance to the person’s life. The two had Joseph interpret their dreams, both of which came true. As the Pharaoh experienced a vision of his own in his dream, he asked his magicians and top officials to interpret it for him. None of them could not interpret the dream accurately until the butler remembered Joseph and recommended him. Joseph was then called by the Pharaoh whom accurately interpreted the dreams. Impressed by the accuracy of Joseph’s interpretation, he assigned him as the overseer of the country—that handled resource distribution, especially food since it will be affected by the famine. Joseph, as usual, showed loyalty to his master and managed the resource distribution accordingly. Reading the story, Joseph had his ups and downs throughout this phase of his life. Joseph’s character developed, evolving and adapting, through these ups and downs until he was able to rise up. Joseph started out as a boy but ended up being a man upon which a country depended on. Adding to his personal traits, it could be said that he was forgiving as he did not exact revenge upon the brothers who mistreated him. Blessings and Misfortunes It could be said that a lot of blessings and unfortunate things can happen to one person. Joseph experienced his share of blessings and misfortunes throughout the story; apparently there were more blessings for God was always with him. The first one among the series of blessings and misfortunes would be a blessing wherein he was blessed with the gift of dream interpretation. It was also evidence of God’s presence in him or with him. This blessing would be immensely important for him, his family, and Egypt later on. For now, it led to his second fortune which was earning his father’s favor and guaranteed his safety through the protection of his father. He became Jacob’s favorite because of his loyalty and blessed skill. However, this led to the first unfortunate event that sent him on a rollercoaster ride. His brothers despised him greatly and plotted to kill him; although ended up selling him instead. He was brought away to a far land, away from his family. Then as God continued to bless him, he experienced his third blessing which was being the Potiphar’s overseer of the house. His loyalty was noticed by Potiphar who gave him the position. All Joseph wanted in exchange for his service was food. Unfortunately, things did not last as he was framed by Potiphar’s wife—because he refused to sleep with her. He was thrown into prison, which was the second misfortune he experienced. However, since God remained with him, he was blessed yet again, giving him favor from the prison keeper who attended to his care and all of the prisoners’. Then an opportunity to exercise his blessed skill arrived when two of the Pharaoh’s officials were thrown in the same prison. Lucky smiled upon him once again, giving him an opportunity to get out of prison. The rest of the events that followed were all blessings that were guised under different forms and circumstances. This proves that his relationship with God is an impregnable bond. After all, he was in covenant with God. Joseph’s Covenant with God Joseph’s skills was put in good use, in favor of God’s plan for him and his people—his family and other Hebrews. As Joseph remained faithful and loving to God, God remained upon Joseph’s side, blessed him whichever place he ends up in and protected him from evil—temptation and harm throughout the story. It was as though they were bounded as one. However, he was also considered as a tool to deliver God’s plan to the Hebrews—who descended from Abraham and Isaac. This was probably an equivalent exchange for the blessings God has given Joseph. It was like his relationship with his father Jacob, although much stronger. A Unified Mood, Character, and theme The story encompasses a fluctuating mood that shifts from happiness to tragedy and back. It seems that the mood is dictated by the flow of events throughout the story, the themes that it entails, and the development of the characters—even the minor ones experience development. Each factor correlates with each other, as if dictating each other within certain situations. An instance wherein the three were unified was the time when Joseph shared his dreams (Genesis 37:6-11) with his brothers, as well as his father. The way he delivered the dream and the dream’s outcome itself infuriated the brothers, who were already envious of him being their father’s favorite. This signified that they had enough of Joseph who seemed to have bossed them around. His brothers developed a more raging spite towards Joseph which later on was seen as he was beaten and thrown in a well, then sold to a trader. Jacob also had a negative reaction to Joseph’s story as it prompted him to scold his son, but later on warns him of his brothers’ intentions. As seen in this situation, the dream caused the theme of sibling rivalry to reach its breaking point, as the brothers plotted to dispose of Joseph. They were able to develop into a character that could not tolerate the favoritism of their father towards Joseph anymore. The mood of this scene turned sour, as jealousy and anger filled the relationship between Joseph and his brothers. His father also experienced a change in character as he became more overprotective of Joseph, scolding him for telling his dreams to his brothers. The mood shifted from an anger to care, in a heartbeat. From the example, the correlation between Theme, Mood, and Character can be seen. It may as well be possible that opposing elements would create unity between the theme, mood, and character. Take the prison scene for example. He was not distraught when he was thrown in prison for God was there to help him. He believed in God whom he shared a covenant with. The prison keeper showed favor towards him—not the typical prison keeper of the ancient times. In prison, he was also given an opportunity to show his blessed skill to two of the Pharaoh’s officials, upon which one died. The setting clearly opposed the mood and the character—prisoners usually degrade in prison. It then enabled the unification of the two with the theme of faith, as Joseph never showed any sign of subjecting to his status. The story of Joseph was probably meant to be a lesson that taught its readers to always remain faithful to God, for He will bless those who are. That may be the message that this story wishes to convey to its readers. For every fall, a periodic rise will follow. References The Holy Bible, Revised Standard Version, Catholic Edition. (1966). London: Thomas Nelson Sons Ltd, for Incorporated Catholic Truth Society.

Robert Frost poems Essay -- Literary Analysis, After-Apple Picking

Robert Lee Frost is one of the most popular American poets in the century. Frost frequently uses the theme of nature in all of his poem collections. Due to the time he spent and lived in New England, most of his work was influenced by some specific locations in New England. Frost uses nature as a medium to express thoughts about life. In the poem â€Å"After Apple-picking†, Robert Frost has many symbols and as well as allusions to embellish the meaning of the poem. In addition, â€Å"After-Apple Picking† is not literally about picking apples; it’s about the everyday life that human go on with. Like all of his other poems, this poem can be interpreted and read on more than one way. It tells of an old dying man who looks back on his life with regret on the factors/things he did not accomplish. All his life, he spent trying to achieve his goals, but he realizes how he has no reason to accomplish those goals of his. As the poem begins, the speaker is standing on a very long ladder which is apparently pointing towards heaven, also looking down on the apples he did not pick. The speaker’s state of mind looks as if to be in many of regrets, â€Å"and there’s a barrel that I didn’t fill beside it, and there may be two or three apples I didn’t pick upon some bough.† (6) Although, the character may seem confidence and sure of his decision, the audiences question him as the character looks upon at the barrel that he did not complete. The apples that the speaker is constantly referring to represent life experiences, the speaker missed. However, the speaker does not show any sign of regret, due to the reason that he is â€Å"done with apple picking now.† (6) It tells the audience that the life experiences that the speaker once had are finally coming to an... ...tans of water as well as land, the audiences can definitely imagine a terrified little boy trapped between the two. Frost makes the ocean look like it could destroy the whole world, an end of the world scenario. The ways portray this evil, that anything they touch, will be destroyed. Importantly, Frost makes it straightforward that the ocean isn’t really the ‘threat’ as it may appears to be evil. Frost describes the fear as a feeling that all the people should feel and as well as give a warning: â€Å"Someone had better be prepared for rage.† (12) At the end of the poem, Frost leaves a question to the audience regarding about the source of â€Å"ocean destructive rage†. (Grade saver) In all of these three poems, Robert Frost uses nature to interpret a deeper meaning to the poem, and leave the readers even more anxious to read on and think in a more deeper level.

Lakota Woman Review

Lakota Woman mary crow dog The book, Lakota Woman, written by Mary Crow Dog, gave the reader a personal view of the feelings shared by most Indians living in the United States during this present day. The book dealt with the time period of Crow Dog’s life along with some references to past events. Crow Dog attempted to explain the hostility felt towards the white men in the United States by the surviving Indian population. She used her own life as an example in many instances to give the reader a personal perspective.The main point in writing this book was to present the reader with the Indian viewpoint on how they were treated and what the effects of that treatment has done to their people over the years. From the beginning of the book it becomes evident that not all Indians are the same. Mary Crow Dogs grandparents grew up during a time when the United States was trying to â€Å"civilize† the Indians by forcing them to abandon their customs in favor of a Christian lif estyle.Most Indians took offence to that proposition, but some did not. Crow Dog’s grandmother was one of the Indians who would have been termed as a successful convert. She adopted the Christian faith and was raising her grandchildren to accept Jesus in their lives. Crow Dog admitted the Jesus part sounded good, it was the beatings at the hands of the nuns and the awful food served to them at the boarding school that tainted their views of Christianity. Indians who accepted the white man’s ways were called half bloods.Crow Dog said, â€Å"The general rule is that whoever thinks, sings, acts, and speaks Indian is a skin, a full-blood, and whoever acts and thinks like a white man is a half-blood or breed, no matter how Indian he looks. † (49) This division among their own people often created hostility and sometimes led to violence. Another problem was the rage felt inside of the warriors who were having their lifestyle taken from them. These were men who were us ed to hunting for their food which in turn gave them a feeling of pride. Being held on a reservation took their spirit and crushed it.It led to heavy drinking among a large amount of the male Indian population which sometimes led to violence against women. Crow Dog suggested that these men were acting out because they could not hunt and perform their duties as Indian males. The book spoke about the different religious ceremonies and the spirituality exemplified by the Indian people. The use of the pipe along with the Willow tree tobacco, the various dances performed, and the infusion of religion in every aspect of the Indians life showed the reader how important religion is to the Indian people.Because of that knowledge, it was appalling to read how Leonard Crow Dog’s religious rights were violated and mocked in prison. The basic right of being able to freely practice a religion was denied to Crow Dog while incarcerated. The AIM, or American Indian Movement, was formed in ord er to bring to light the hardships faced by the Indians living in the United States and took a huge part in the Wounded Knee incident. Crow Dog was a member of that organization and married Leonard who was one of the group’s leaders. Power is a theme that is seen throughout the book in various forms.Crow Dog spoke of the power felt during certain Indian customs such as smoking the peace pipe or performing the Ghost Dance. Another form of power was seen when the doctors at the hospital took Crow Dog’s sisters baby and killed it. As if that was not enough, her sister was sterilized so she could not have any more Indian children. Crow Dog made sure that would not happen to her own child who was born at Wounded Knee. The show of force by the military at Wounded Knee was another example of the power exerted by the white men on the Indians.The fabricated charges brought against Leonard Crow Dog which resulted in his incarceration showed the power the government held and was willing to use against the Indians. The Indian women show their own version of power by making it their duty to procreate in order to replace the population of warriors who were lost defending the cause. Another theme running through the book is anger. Not surprisingly, Crow Dog and a good majority of her people felt that something was taken from them without their permission.Because they harbor those feelings, they believe it is ok to do things like steal from stores owned by white people. They justify their actions because they feel they are getting their revenge against the white people who stole from them. Taking Wounded Knee over and performing the Ghost Dance was a way to show the white man that they were not going to be taken advantage of any longer. They were not going to let the white men stop them from performing their sacred ceremonies and change their way of life.The Indians took their anger against the white man and used it as fuel. Crow Dog spoke of the hardships she h ad to deal with living as Leonard Crow Dogs wife. Initially she was not interested in Leonard Crow Dog, but years later she found herself married to him and acting as his main support line during his incarceration. When Leonard was released from prison she described how they had to become reacquainted with each other. Life was extremely challenging for Mary Crow Dog but she stood by her husband’s side and provided the support he needed.After being released, Mary Crow Dog would follow Leonard to various places around the country where his help was needed to bring recognition to a person or groups issue. Her life was dedicated to Leonard and together they both fought for what they believed in. For Mary Crow Dog, her life as an Indian became complete when she took part in the Ghost Dance ceremony. Crow Dog was pierced in the traditional way and experienced the visions that her ancestors had for hundreds of years. She felt that she was finally a full blooded Indian after the cere mony which symbolized that her transition was complete.The author, Mary Crow Dog, is an Indian who has experienced the hardships of life living as an Indian under the conditions the United States Government has mandated for the Indian people. She gave the account of her life and co-authored the book along with Richard Erdoes. Crow Dog has also written Ohitika Woman, while Erdoes has written several books including Lame Deer, Seeker of Visions, The Sun Dance People, The Rain Dance People, The Pueblo Indians, and Crying for a Dream. Erdoes used Crow Dogs firsthand account as the basis for writing this book.The authors accomplished their goal of bringing the reader into the world of the Indians and presenting the difficulties they faced and had overcome over the years at the hands of the United States Government. I enjoyed the book. I felt that it informed the reader of the various problems the Indians have faced over the years and how some of those problems are still being dealt with. It showed the mistreatment of the Indians by the United States Government. It brought the reader into the world of the Indian and made you understand why their harbor resentment and hostility along with mistrust for white people and the government.I think this book is important for anyone who is looking to get an inside look into the bruised feelings of Indians and the reasons behind those feelings. The book provided an overview of what tribe life is like and did not hide the negatives like the drinking problems and abuse of women. Anybody who is looking for knowledge into the feelings of Indians will benefit greatly from this book. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Mary Crow Dog and Richard Erdoes, Lakota Woman, (New York, N. Y. , Harper Perennial 1990)

Healthy Emotional Transition for Mothers, First Week Post-Partum Essay

Emotional is an important aspect of life. We experience joy, anger, and sadness in everyday life. When we do not tend to our emotion needs, psychological complications may occur (Burger & Goddard, 2010). According to health Canada (2009), 16% of women in Canada will experience major depression in the course of their lives. Women experience increased risk for psychological disorders in postpartum period (Raines, Campbell, &Hall, 2010). The most common psychological disorders are postpartum blues, postpartum depression (PPD), and postpartum psychosis (Raines, Campbell, &Hall, 2010). 75% of women experience postpartum blues, but the symptom is usually mild and can usually improve without professional help (Raines, Campbell, &Hall, 2010). A more serious condition is called postpartum depression. Postpartum depression is a medical condition that affects about 10% of mothers (Raines, Campbell, &Hall, 2010). In this article, I will examine the postpartum depression in relation to the healthy emotional transition. This topic is important because the postpartum depression is more serious and can usually last for months (Raines, Campbell, &Hall, 2010), and because postpartum depression can usually be detected and prevented (Donaldson-Myles, 2011) (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011) (Garabedian et al. , 2011). The purpose of this paper is to provide the knowledge to prevent PPD. In order to meet the purpose of this paper, I will examine 3 articles that I have chosen from CINAHL and write critical review and relate the information from the article to my own nursing experience. Synthesis These articles offer great in-depth on how to prevent PPD. Wojcicki and Heyman (2011) have reviewed 10 articles and made conclusion that although more studies are needed, high dosage of omega-3 fatty acid can reduce the risk of PPD. Donaldson-Myles (2011) reviewed on the evidence of breastfeeding and PPD and has found a strong inverse link between the two. Garabedian et al. (2011) has found that women who are victim of violence in adulthood are more likely to suffer from PPD. These 3 articles have contributed to additional information on PPD to what is learned from the textbook. They provide insight on when PPD will likely happen and how to reduce the likelihood. Based on the information on these articles, prevention of PPD would be the top priority in my nursing practice. For example, although it is known from the class that 10% of women will suffer from PPD (Raines, Campbell, &Hall, 2010), it is further explained that women suffer multiple abuses should be expected to have higher risk of PPD (Garabedian et al. , 2011). In the future nursing practice, I will check for signs of injury and the mental state of the client as well as those of her partner’s to make sure that the client does not suffer from violence. I will include breastfeeding and high dosage of omega-3 fatty acid daily as part of my health teaching to reduce the risk of PPD (Donaldson-Myles, 2011) (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011). The questions that have emerged from this assignment are many. One question is that even though there are ways to reduce the risks of PPD, what is the sure way of preventing it? Another question is that Wojcicki & Heyman (2011) has found that high dosage of omega-3 fatty acid can reduce the risk of PPD, does taking too much omega-3 have any side effects? Thirdly, what should I do to reduce PPD if the client refuses to breastfeed? The first 4 weeks of this course has provided me with foundation of caring for postpartum mothers. I learned the basic cares and assessments for postpartum mothers. Those 3 literatures provide me with further knowledge of psychological aspect postpartum mother and made me look for signs of trouble. For example, Garabedian et al. (2011) has found that single mothers, smokers, and women of young age are more likely to experience violence, hence more likelihood of PPD. During my first week of practicum, the first mother that I examined was recently single, had to go out to smoke during my visit and was 26 years old. At that time, she looked perfectly fine and well composed and was reading her self-help book. I thought that she was going to be fine with her postpartum life. If I possessed this piece of knowledge back then, I would recognize her has high-risk for postpartum depression and offer her additional information on how to deal with psychological changes. During the week of my health teaching, I had the privilege of witnessing childbirth and caring for the mother and the child for the day. I used Watson’s caritas process 3, which is â€Å"developing and sustaining a helping trusting authentic caring relationship† (Jesse, 2010). From the moment I walked into the delivery room, I kept reminding myself that helping the patient was my first priority, and that anything that I could learn was just a bonus and should not interfere with the woman’s needs. Therefore, after I introduced myself, I used the technique of using silence and avoid looking at the woman’s exposed body parts because I thought it would create more tension for the woman (Burger & Goddard, 2010). I kept quiet till the family finally thought that I was trustworthy. During the teaching, I used Watson’s caritas process 7, which is â€Å"Engaging in genuine teaching-learning experience that attends to unity of being and meaning, attempting to stay within others’ frame of reference† (Jesse, 2010). Since the family looked very educated, I shared my observation on their knowledge to help communicate (Burger & Goddard, 2010). I used terms such as â€Å"you might already know this† to make myself less lecturing. My patient was very willing to listen to what I had to say because I was very helpful in their delivery and they knew that my teaching was an assignment for school. They asked me a few questions regarding to how to deal with postpartum blues and appeared genuinely interested in my presences. I thought my teaching was effective because firstly I was very nice and humble towards them. Secondly, I received feedback from them in term of questions (Burger & Goddard, 2010). Effective communication involves dialogues in both directions (Burger & Goddard, 2010). Conclusion Postpartum period is a difficult time for a woman (Evans, 2010). The body has to undergo physiological and psychological changes (Evans, 2010). Several factors influence the psychological changes. From my reading of the articles, it is learned that breastfeeding and high intake of omega-3 fatty acid reduces the risk of PPD (Donaldson-Myles, 2011) (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011), and that violence victim have higher risk of PPD (Garabedian et al. , 2011). As a nurse, one has to stay vigilant on client’s behavior, diet, and environment and reduce the likelihood of PPD by informing the patient the benefit of breastfeeding, the benefit of omega-3 fatty acid, and by assessing the patient’s living environment. Reviews The key points of this article is that women who breastfeed are less likely to suffer from postpartum depression notwithstanding the old researches proving otherwise and that breastfeeding provides protection that lasts up to 3 month (Donaldson-Myles, 2011).. The intended audiences of this article are midwives (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). The limitations of this study is the defining the postpartum depression and defining breastfeeding. In some of the study, some people are â€Å"mixed† feeding, which can confuse the result (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). There is also no clear, universally defined method on how to breastfeed in all the studies (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). The definition of postpartum depression is also unclear (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). Although most studies use the Edinburgh depression scale, some of the depression symptom may be just due to lack of sleep or religious factors (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). The cut-off point for depression is also not the same across all the studies, with some using the cut-off point of 13 for depression and some using 12 as cut-off point (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). This research is done in Britain (Donaldson-Myles, 2011). It applies to Canadian nursing because both countries share the same culture and customs. The implication of this article for nursing practice is that as nurses, we need to advocate on breastfeeding in our patient care. Since breastfeeding can offer protection from postpartum depression up to 3 month (Donaldson-Myles,2011), we need to make sure that the clients know the benefit of breastfeeding and make sure that they can breastfeed properly. The key points of this article are that taking high dose omega-3 fatty acid supplement reduce the risk for postpartum depression (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011) and that moderate amount shows no effect (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011) . The intended audience of the article is for the researchers who intend to do more research on the correlation omega-3 and postpartum health (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011). The limitation of this research is that it is a review of other journals. Thus the author does not have raw data from the research (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011). This research is done department of pediatrics, university of California, San Francisco, California, USA (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011). This research applies to Canadian content because of the proximity of two countries. One limitation of this research is that it is a review of other articles (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011). The author does not have the primary data from all the studies. Another limitation of this research is that the dosage of omega-3 fatty acid is not the same in all the studies. Some studies take 100mg daily, others take 500 mg daily and there are also recommendations for 2g/day (Wojcicki & Heyman 2011). The key points of this article is that women who are the victim of violence are more likely to self-report postpartum depression (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011) and that the more types of violence experience, the more likelihood of self-reported postpartum depression (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011), and that the likelihood of postpartum depression strongly correlates to the race, marital status, education, and the usage of drugs (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011). The intended audiences of the article are for the medical professionals who are screening depression for postpartum women. The limitation of this study is that this is composed of mostly online questionnaires (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011); therefore, false data can appear in the data collection. For example, postpartum blue can be mistaken as postpartum depression (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011). Secondly, this is survey has a difficult time distinguishing disciplinary action and child abuse (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011). For example, any hit from the guardian could be considered as child abuse in this survey (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011). This research is done in Kentucky, USA (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011). It applies to Canadian nursing practice because 5%-50% of women experience abuse in their lifetime (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011). The implication of this article for nursing practice is that as nurses, we need to check for evidence of abuse as part of nursing assessment. For example, suspicious bruises should be reported. Since violence is strongly correlated to postpartum depression, we need to make sure that the clients with history of abuse can get help in the postpartum period (Garabedian, Lain, Hansen, Garcia, Williams, & Crofford, 2011) .