Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Of Mice And Men By Steinbeck Success Essays - English-language Films

Of Mice And Men By Steinbeck Success Title: Of mice and men Author: John Stienbeck Category: Fiction Author John Stienbeck was conceived in Salinas, California in 1902. His initial three books were budgetary disappointments and he worked at different sorts of occupations to endure, including organic product picking. His first achievement was Tortilla Flat in 1935 which was trailed by various shorter works, paving the way to his extraordinary artful culmination The Grapes of Fury which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1940. In 1962, Stienbeck turned into the 6th American to win the Nobel Prize for writing. He passed on at his home in New York on December 1968. I found the composing style of this book to be truly slack and essential. The English in this book was rudimentary, straightforward and follow. There were certainly no illustrations or likenesses. The main figures of discourse I could discover were the point at which he portraying the scene at the absolute starting point. For the special case of the depiction at the principal, the whole book was straight exchange between the characters in the novel. One thing the novel was loaded with in spite of the fact that was nearby shading and language. All through the book he composed and spelled words as though they would have been said them. He additionally included articulations and neighborhood slang to add to the air of the novel. I don't generally have any significant preferences or on the other hand aversions to the novel. I would need to state I preferred it extreme. There was no complex plot to make sense of or included characters to comprehend. The book just recounted to a story. It didn't clarify the considerations or engage in the sentiments of the characters. They just thing you know is what is spoken so anyone might hear. I fairly feel the creator could have accomplished more with the story develop it or go further into detail of what occurred during the story yet despite the fact that it was so short I despite everything think it is a decent book. The tale happens during the early 40's in the United States. It depends on an anecdotal story of two men who travel from state, taking a shot at farms and rummaging for cash. One of men named Lennie was intellectually impeded yet unimaginably solid. The second, George was clarified as Lennie's companion who assumes the liability of keeping his companion, Lennie in the clear. The story begins with the two principle characters strolling down an earth street toward their next activity. They understood they couldn't make the trip so they chose to go through the night by the stream. That night we learn for the first run through around one of the significant topics of the novel. As George and Lennie sit at the open air fire, George recounts to a tale about their fantasy. He clarified in insight concerning how they were currently, that they have no home, anyplace that they have a place and that all that they truly need is a spot to themselves. A spot where they could live without anybody irritating them. We just acknowledge later that this spot truly exists however it is too expensive cash than they can bear alone however with the assistance of a more established man who has cash spared they understand their dream may occur. Not long after the elderly person's pooch must be put down, he contends with different men not to shoot the pooch yet at long last concurs that he should be put down. The story proceeds with little else occurring before the peak. The characters contiune communicating with one another and a couple of minor occurrences occur prior to the peak. At the peak the principle character Lennie who is unweary of his strenght accidently executes somebody when he got frightened. This murdering welcomes on a horde of men who are embarked to murder Lennie for his wrongdoing. His companion George begs them not to however they leave to execute him at any rate. George understands that they are going to execute him and he feels that in the event that he should kick the bucket he ought to do it himself rather than the argry horde doing it. Since he knows as of now where lennie would conceal he takes a weapon with him and as he's recounting lennie the account of how it will be the point at which they get their own place where they can live he shoots him in the rear of the head before the furious men shoot him. This is the thing that occurs however it is difficult to portray the significance behind it or even why it occurs without clarifying the whole

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Free Essays on Anne Frank

Anne Frank Anne Frank was conceived in Germany not long before WWII. She was a youthful Jewish young lady who shrouded away for a long time in a loft in Amsterdam during the Holocaust. Her story is popular in light of the fact that her journal recounts to an anecdote about her family during WWII. Anne Frank had a customary adolescence. She was conceived on June 12, 1926 into a caring group of four, her dad Otto, mother Edith, and sister Margot. Anne went to the Montessori School and had numerous companions as a youngster. Much the same as some other youngster, Anne had numerous deepest desires for what's to come. She longed for one day turning into a famous actor or a creator. Anne Frank had a youth simply like most offspring of her time. As Anne got more established, Germany started to get perilous for Jewish individuals. Anne and her family had to move from their home in Germany to Amsterdam where things were a lot more secure. At her new home, Anne went to a school for Jewish kids in particular, which was altogether different from her outdated. Starting there on in her life things in Amsterdam started changing for the more terrible. Not quite the same as the vast majority of her youth, Anne’s high school years were not extremely wonderful. At thirteen years old she and her family, alongside six different Jews, had to shroud away in an upper room away from Nazi control. For two long years Anne kept a journal, which she called â€Å"Kitty†. In her journal she expounded on her life sequestered from everything. She advised about her family’s battle to remain calm during the day with the goal that they would not be heard. Concealing endlessly in the storage room for a long time was very hard for Anne, on occasion she even felt like she needed to head outside and go around. Following two years of concealing endlessly, Anne and the others that stowed away in the loft with her were found and taken into Nazi principle. After being gotten Anne, presently fifteen and her sister Margot were isolated from the remainder of the gathering. Anne and Margot had to accomplish work with little food and brutal treatment in numerous inhumane imprisonments. Whi... Free Essays on Anne Frank Free Essays on Anne Frank Anne Frank Anne Frank was conceived in Germany not long before WWII. She was a youthful Jewish young lady who concealed away for a long time in an upper room in Amsterdam during the Holocaust. Her story is renowned on the grounds that her journal recounts to an anecdote about her family during WWII. Anne Frank had a customary adolescence. She was conceived on June 12, 1926 into a caring group of four, her dad Otto, mother Edith, and sister Margot. Anne went to the Montessori School and had numerous companions as a kid. Much the same as some other kid, Anne had numerous deepest desires for what's to come. She longed for one day turning into a famous actor or a creator. Anne Frank had a youth simply like most offspring of her time. As Anne got more seasoned, Germany started to get perilous for Jewish individuals. Anne and her family had to move from their home in Germany to Amsterdam where things were a lot more secure. At her new home, Anne went to a school for Jewish kids in particular, which was totally different from her old fashioned. Starting there on in her life things in Amsterdam started changing for the more terrible. Not the same as the vast majority of her youth, Anne’s high school years were not exceptionally lovely. At thirteen years old she and her family, alongside six different Jews, had to conceal away in a storage room away from Nazi control. For two long years Anne kept a journal, which she called â€Å"Kitty†. In her journal she expounded on her life sequestered from everything. She advised about her family’s battle to remain calm during the day with the goal that they would not be heard. Concealing endlessly in the loft for a long time was very hard for Anne, now and again she even felt like she needed to head outside and go around. Following two years of concealing endlessly, Anne and the others that covered up in the upper room with her were found and taken into Nazi guideline. After being gotten Anne, presently fifteen and her sister Margot were isolated from the remainder of the gathering. Anne and Margot had to accomplish work with little food and brutal treatment in numerous death camps. Whi...

Wednesday, August 12, 2020

Well be in the U.S. PNW soon and a Spring application deadline reminder COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Well be in the U.S. PNW soon and a Spring application deadline reminder COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The Columbia SIPA admissions team is still traveling to attend various graduate school fairs around the world. Weve met a lot of fantastic future candidates and are looking forward to talking to more of you! If youre unsure if you want to come to these (free!) grad fairs, remember that Just a few minutes of conversation could lead to an opportunity thatll change the course of your career. Keep up with us on our Off-Campus Recruitment Events calendar. If youre in the U.S. Pacific Northwest, youre in luck well be at in Seattle on October 15th for the Idealist Grad School Fair, and then traveling throughout Oregon and Washington the week of October 22 26. For those in Madrid, Paris or London, well be there as well for the APSIA Graduate School Fairs on November 6, 7 and 8. Come say hello. Prefer to get information from the comfort of your own chair? Register for the Group of 5 Schools Virtual Info Session next week. And a reminder for you Spring applicants that the application deadline is October 15th, 11:59pm ET. If you have any final questions, you should reach out to us at the Office of Admissions on Monday. Best of luck! View this post on Instagram Want to learn what SIPA can do for your career? ?????? Check the Recruitment Calendar in the bio to see if we’ll be in a city near you soon. Suzanne El Sanadi ‘18, Mark Jamais ‘18 and Emily Tao (Admissions) met many great people in Washington, D.C. yesterday. Come out and chat with SIPA alumni and admissions folks! A post shared by Columbia | SIPA (@columbia.sipa) on Oct 2, 2018 at 11:50am PDT

Saturday, May 23, 2020

19 Terms to Know from Homeric Epic

The following terms or concepts help characterize epic poetry. Try to find them when you read the Iliad, Odyssey, or Aeneid. Aidos: shame, can range from a sense of respect to disgrace Aition: cause, origin Anthropomorphism: Literally, turning into a human being. Gods and goddesses are anthropomorphized when they take on human qualities Arete: virtue, excellence Aristeia: a warriors prowess or excellence; a scene in battle where the warrior finds his (or her) finest moment Ate: blindness, madness, or folly that the gods may impose with or without the fault of the human. Dactylic Hexameter: the meter of epic has 6 dactylic feet in a line. A dactyl is a long syllable followed by two short. In English, this meter winds up sounding sing-songy. Daktylos is a word for a finger, which, with its 3 phalanges, is like a finger. Dolos: trickery Geras: a gift of honor In medias res into the middle of things, the epic story begins in the middle of things and reveals the past with narratives and flashbacks Invocation: at the start of epic, the poet calls upon the Goddess or Muse. The poet either believes or adopts the stance that the poem couldnt be composed without divine inspiration. Kleos: fame, especially immortal, for a deed. From a word for that which is heard, kleos is renown. Kleos can also refer to praise poetry.See Reading Epic: an Introduction to the Ancient Narratives, by Peter Toohey Moira: portion, share, lot in life, destiny Nemesis: righteous indignation Nostoi: (singular: nostos) return voyages Penthos: grief, suffering Timē: honor, should be proportionate to arete Xenia (Xeinia): bond of guest-friendship (xenos/xeinos: host/guest) Personification: treating an abstract or inanimate object as if it were living

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Plato Education Reform Essay - 1574 Words

Plato contends that â€Å"education is the craft concerned with..turning around and with how the soul can most easily and effectively be made to do it† (Plato 190). In this paper, I will propose Plato’s reform for the American education system through analyzing his account of education, the nature and different kinds of education using the allegory of the cave, its correlation to kallipolis, the nature of the soul, and his metaphysical theory of forms. I shall argue that Plato would propose the American education system be reformed to resemble his account of education, thus creating a more effective system that stresses the importance of combating human default settings and adequately forming the soul. According to Plato â€Å"education isn’t what†¦show more content†¦However there are limitations to these unconventional subjects/topics, the teachings of these subjects/topics are not universal across all American K-12 schools and these subjects/topics must meet local and federal criterias meaning they are not represented in their fullest capacity. Plato’s account of education has no limitations and represents its subject in their fullest capacity. Therefore, Plato would propose that the American education system is reformed to resemble his account of education in kallipolis. The students would be led into truth within the limits imposed by the nature of their soul, they would be taught the different kinds of education, and the importance of true reality. In Plato’s Republic, Plato formulates the allegory of the cave to illustrate that the purpose of education is to extract a person as far out of the cave as possible. The cave is depicted as a dark underground dwelling where â€Å"light is provided† and the prisoners are prevented from pivoting because they are in bondages (Plato, 187). These prisoners have lived in the cave since birth and can only look straight forward, behind them are people that control their perspectives. Those in control put up artifacts that cast shadows from the provided light on a built-in wall directly ahead of where the prisoners are facing. â€Å"The prisoners..believe that the truth is nothing other than the shadows ofShow MoreRelatedPlato and Aristotle: An Analysis1175 Words   |  5 PagesThis four-page undergraduate essay explains, compares, and contrasts the theories and discussions of Plato and Aristotle regarding the best political association. Quotes from Politics and the Republic are used to support the author’s thesis. Plato and Aristotle: An Analysis Determining the best form of political association was important to the ancient Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle, and each of them expressed his opinion in important works such as the Republic and PoliticsRead More Ken Wolfs Personalities and Problems Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pagesview of world history for himself. Beginning each new chapter with a specific question about worldly concerns and disciplines allowed the readers to relate the topics to broader, more general scenarios of their cultures. Answering the questions in essay form gave examples of how certain cultures/ parts of the world dealt with those issues. The answers that pertained to the questions informed readers about many historical figures without drawing a time line for the course of history and simply reiteratingRead MoreThe Term Social Justice1875 Words   |  7 Pagesand freedom from discrimination. This essay will aim to discuss social justice and the historical perspective while incorporating key p hilosophical and socio-political perspectives. Alongside this, it will also examine whether there have been developments of changes to the structure of society and the relevance they hold today when striving for social justice. This essay will also study the learning through working alongside social work and primary education students and what knowledge and experienceRead MorePlato And Paulo Freire s Views On Education And Learning Essay1790 Words   |  8 PagesIn their work, Plato and Paulo Freire have offered harsh critiques of education and learning. Plato compares people to prisoners in a cave of darkness in relation to knowledge, and Freire refers to a â€Å"Banking Concept† of education in which teachers put their thoughts and information into students’ minds much like money is deposited into a bank. Instead of this money being of value, Freire and Plato acknowledge that the value declines. Although many people refute the concept of accepting new knowledgeRead MoreThe Enlightenment Period : The Age Of Reason1332 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment highlighted reasoning, equality and more of a humanistic approach was taken as opposed to traditional practice. This period was heavily influenced by scientific thought, skepticism and intellectual stimulation. The plan of this era was to reform society and the way it used reasoning as well as oppose long established customs. Most importantly, the objective was to move forward in the field of scientific thought. The period leading up to the Enlightenment was a transformation of understandingRead MoreSimilarities Between Orwell And Plato Politics1979 Words   |  8 PagesHow Fake with Orwell and Plato: Politics Politics in todays day and age is slippery and redundant. Terms like fake news and alternative facts have been used to describe the manipulation of language. George Orwells essay Politics and the English Language analyzes many examples of literature and explains why they are bad, why they are influential, and how easily language can be manipulated. Platos Allegory of the Cave touches on the interaction between the ignorant and the wise. ReferringRead MoreAristotelian Rhetoric: An Evolution of Sophist’s Discredited Methodology1866 Words   |  8 Pagesfindings direct our attention to whether this Greek philosopher only included in his theory what he described as inadequate and non-fundamental Sophistic teachings, or actually built up his theory on their techniques, long bashed and overlooked. In this essay, I consider Aristotle’s rhetoric is an evolution of the Sophists’ discredited methodology. I assert that the sophistic contribution to Aristotle’s theo ry is more than a partial inclusion of their teachings disdained by ancient orthodox philosophersRead MoreThomas Hobbes And The Natural Condition Of Mankind Essay2171 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction With these three authors, they all have the same opinion on the social contract. Thomas Hobbes, James Madison, and Plato all believed that having an absolute sovereign is what will make a society the most successful. This paper seeks to point out the distinct visons of absolute sovereignty that Hobbes, Madison, and Plato articulated by unpacking the central premises of each argument, pitting them against each other through comparing and contrasting. Thomas Hobbes View Read MoreHysteria, Not Only Oppressed Female Social Upliftment1566 Words   |  7 Pagescentury, Hysteria, not only oppressed female social upliftment but it, led to a misconception of the sexual health of females. This misconception, as well as its unravelling was heavily influenced by the developments of Western medicine. The following essay will look at these developments, focusing on how the invention of the vibrator changed the perception of the female orgasm, sexual desire and pleasure. To begin with, the two-sex model and the influence of religious movements will be analysed in assessingRead MoreThe Defense of Poetry and An Apology for Poetry2888 Words   |  11 Pagespublished posthumously nineteen years later, Sidney’s essay, known as both The Defense of Poetry and An Apology For Poetry, stands as one of the most enduring writings on the merits of poetry and was highly influential upon the views of the period. Written, partially as a response to Stephen Gossonâ €™s ‘School of Abuse’ and wider challenges to poetry, such as those of Plato. COULD SAY MORE SPECIFICALLY WHAT CHALLENGES HE IS RESPONDING TO HERE The essay operates under the central premise that the highest

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Foreign Investment in India Free Essays

The article â€Å"Indian firms’ foreign ownership at its peak† talks about foreign ownership in listed Indian firms. According to the analysts the foreign ownership has reached its peak and is expected to rise further as corporate profitability grows. However, factors such as high inflation and corruption may result in overseas investors being careful with their actions. We will write a custom essay sample on Foreign Investment in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a result of year 2010, foreign institutional investors (FIIs) shareholding rose to the highest level since Indian markets opened up to foreign investment in 1993. In addition, strong corporate earnings had made India the top investment destination in 2010. As India is the second fastest growing major economy in the world after China, it is likely to attract higher investments in the future. Although the growth potential outlook for India remains positive, it is susceptible to correction due to is top priced trading compared to other markets. The threat of high inflation and rising crude prices resulting in a slow-down of growth and corporate profitability has affected the foreign investors action. The moderation in foreign flows has led to a decline in stock prices. An increase in FII shareholding was detected in sectors, such as consumer goods, pharma, metals, large software firms and telecom service providers. In banking and financial industry, however, the FIIs stakes were lowered as well as in most construction firms. The trend in foreign inflows in the future will depend largely on whether macroeconomic concerns such as inflation abate as well as on policy initiatives in the national budget to be tabled in Parliament next month. According to the article, investors remain careful with their action in the mean time until policy cues particularly around the budget are solved. Link to the article: http://www.allbusiness.com/trade-development/trade-development-finance/15460726-1.html How to cite Foreign Investment in India, Papers

Sunday, May 3, 2020

Social, Economical, And Political Effects Of World War I Essay Example For Students

Social, Economical, And Political Effects Of World War I Essay Everywhere in the world was heard the sound of things breaking. Advanced European societies could not support long wars or so many thought prior to World War I. They were right in a way. The societies could not support a long war unchanged. The First World War left no aspect of European civilization untouched as pre-war governments were transformed to fight total war. The war metamorphed Europe socially, politicaly, economically, and intellectualy. European countries channeled all of their resources into total war which resulted in enormous social change. The result of working together for a common goal seemed to be unifying European societies. Death knocked down all barriers between people. All belligerents had enacted some form of a selective service which levelled classes in many ways. Wartime scarcities made luxury an impossibility and unfavorable. Reflecting this, clothing became uniform and utilitarian. Europeans would never again dress in fancy, elaborate costumes. Uniforms le d the way in clothing change. The bright blue-and-red prewar French infantry uniforms had been changed after the first few months of the war, since they made whoever wore them into excellent targets for machine guns. Womens skirts rose above the ankle permanently and women became more of a part of societythan ever. They undertook a variety of jobs previously held by men. They were now a part of clerical, secretarial work, and teaching. They were also more widely employed in industrial jobs. By 1918, 37.6 percent of the work force in the Krupp armaments firm in Germany wasfemale. In England the proportion of women works rose strikingly inpublic transport (for example, from 18,000 to 117,000 bus conductors),banking (9,500 to 63,700), and commerce (505,000 to 934,000). Manyrestrictions on women disappeared during the war. It became acceptable for young, employed, single middle-class women to have their own apartments, to go out without chaperones, and to smoke in public. It was only a matter of time before women received the right to vote in many belligerent countries. Strong forces were shaping the power and legal status of labor unions, too. The right of workers to organize was relatively new, about half a century. Employers fought to keep union organizers out of their plants and armed force was often used against striking workers. The universal rallying of workers towards their flag at the beginning of the war led to wider acceptance of unions. It was more of a bureaucratic route than a parliamentary route that integrated organized labor into government, however. A long war was not possible without complete cooperation of the workers with respect to putting in longers hours and increasing productivity. Strike activity had reached its highest levels in history just before the war. There had been over 1,500 diffent work stoppages in France and 3,000 in Germany during 1910. More than a million British workers stopped at one time or another in 1912. In Britain, Fr ance, and Germany, deals were struck between unions and government to eliminate strikes and less favorable work conditions in exchange for immediate integration into the government process. This integration was at the cost of having to act more as managers of labor than as the voice of the labor. Suddenly, the strikes stopped during the first year of the war. Soon the enthusiasm died down, though. The revival of strike activity in 1916 shows that the social peace was already wearing thin. Work stoppages and the number of people on strike in France quadrupled in 1916 compared to 1915. In Germany, in May 1916, 50,000 Berlin works held a three-day walkout to protest the arrest of the pacifist Karl Liebknecht. By the end of the war most had rejectedthe government offer of being integrated in the beaurocracy, but notwithout playing an important public role and gaining some advantages such as collective bargaining. The war may have had a leveling effect in many ways, but it also sharpened some social differences and conflicts. Soldiers were revolting just like workers:They were no longer willing to sacrifice theirlives when shirkers at home were earning all the money, tkaing, the women around in cars, cornering all the best jobs, and while so many profiteers were waxing rich. The draft was not completely fair since ot all men were sent to thetrenches. Skilled workers were more important to industry and some could secure safe assignments at home. Unskilled young males and junior officers paid with their lives the most. The generation conflict was also widened by the war as Veterens disillusionment fed off of anger towards the older generation for sending them to the trenches.. Governments took on many new powers in order to fight the total war. War governments fought opposition by increasing police power. Authoritatian regimes like tsarist Russia had always depended on the threat of force, but now even parliamentary governments felt the necessity to expand police po wers and control public opinion. Britain gave police powers wide scope in August 1914 by the Defence of the Realm Act which authorized the public authorities to arrest and punish dissidents under martial law if necessary. Through later acts polices powers grew to include suspending newspapers and the ability to intervene in a citizens private life in the use of lights at home, food consumption, and bar hours. Police powers tended to grow as the war went on and public opposition increased as well. In France a sharp rise of strikes, mutinies, and talk of a negotiated peace raised doubts about whether France could really carry on the war in 1917. A group of French political leaders decided to carry out the war at the cost of less internal liberty. The government cracked down on anyone suspected of supporting a compromise peace. Many of the crackdowns and treason charges were just a result of war hysteria or calculated politcal opportunism. Expanded police powers also included control o f public information and opinion. The censorship of newspapers and personal mail was already an established practice. Governments regularly used their power to prevent disclosure of military secrets and the airing of dangerous opinions considering war efforts. Theother side of using police power on public opinion was the organizing of enthusiasm, which could be thought of as:Propaganda tries to force a doctrine on the whole people;the organization embraces within its scope only those who do not threaten on psychological grounds to become a brake on the further dissemination of the idea. World War I provided a place for the birth of propaganda which countries used with even more frightening results during World War II. Governments used the media to influence people to enlist and to brainwash them war into supporting the war. The French prime minister used his power to draft journalists or defer them in exchange for favorable coverage. The German right created a new mass party, the Fa therland Party. It was backed by secret funds from the army and was devoted to propaganda for war discipline. By 1918, the Fatherland Party was larger than the Social Democratic Party. Germany had become quite effective at influencing the masses. Electrocardiogram EssayThe early part of the war satisfied the fascination with speed, violence, and the machine as manifested in the pre-war Futurists. Many movements shared a resolute modernist contempt for all academic styles in the arts, a hatred for bourgeois culture, and a commitment to the free expression of individuals. All these feelings were given an additional jolt of violence and anger by the horrors of the wartime experience. During the war there was a loss of illusions as described in All Quiet on the Western Front. Poets, like others, had gone to war in 1914 believing in heroism and nobility. Trench warfare hardened and embittered many. Freud said of disillusionment:When I speak of disillusionment, everyone will know atonce what i mean. One need not be a sentimentalist; one may perceive the biological and psychological necessity for surrering in the economy of human life, and yet condemn war both in its means and ends and long for the cessation of all wars. British p oet, Wilfred Own, who was killed in 1918 was transformed from a young romantic into a powerful denouncer of those who had sent young men off to war. In Dulce et Decorum Est he mocked the old lie that it was good to die for ones country, after giving a searing description of a gassed soldier coughing out his lungs. The anger of the soldier-poets was directed against those who had sent them to the war, not their enemy. The war experience did not produce new art forms or styles. It acted largely to make the harshest themes and the grimmest or most mocking forms of expression of prewar intellectual life seem more appropriate, and to fost experiments in opposition to the dominant values of contemporary europe. The Dada movement, which mocked old values and ridiculed stuffy bourgeois culture, was one of these movements. A mood of desolation and emptiness prevailed at the end of a war where great sacrifice had brought little gain. It was not clear where post-war anger would be focused, but it would definately be in antibourgeois politics. The echoes of a world shattering were heard throughout the world as Europe collapsed into total war. These echoes were the sound of change as Europe was transformed socially, politicaly, economically, and intellectualy into a machine of complete destruction. Europe would never be the same again.